5种种衣剂防治小麦主要土传病害研究

研究了5种种衣剂对小麦土传病害纹枯病、全蚀病和根腐病的防治效果。结果表明,230g/L吡虫啉·苯醚·咯悬浮种衣剂综合防治效果优于其他药剂处理,对小麦纹枯病的防治效果为73.51%～95.05%,对小麦全蚀病的防治效果为73.01%～87.41%,对小麦根腐病的防治效果为65.51%～92. 09%。按药效其次依次是60g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂、30g/L苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂、25g/L咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、15%多·福悬浮种衣剂。随着小麦的生长,各处理的防效逐渐降低,但直到枯白穗期还有一定防治效果。同时230g/L吡虫啉·苯醚·咯悬浮种衣剂对小麦增产作用明显。     

进境荷兰郁金香种苗中南芥菜花叶病毒的鉴定

为了防止南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic virus,ArMV)传入我国,采用血清学、分子生物学、电镜观察及生物学接种等方法对从荷兰进口的郁金香种苗进行了ArMV检测。结果表明:ArMV血清学反应为强阳性;RT-PCR反应扩增出370bp的特异性目标条带;RT-PCR产物与已报道的3个ArMV部分外壳蛋白基因的核苷酸序列同源性为91.00%～93.24%,氨基酸序列同源性为99%～100%;免疫电镜观察到叶片病汁液中含有直径约30nm的球状病毒粒体;该病毒在黄花烟、白肋烟、矮牵牛和昆诺藜等鉴别寄主上引起坏死和褪绿等典型症状,经DAS-ELISA检测,这些接种寄主均呈ArMV血清学阳性反应。故将该病毒鉴定为南芥菜花叶病毒。     

SO2对龙眼果实的氧化作用与衰老的影响

以‘石硖’龙眼（Ｄｉｍ ｏｃａｒｐｕｓｌｏｎｇａｎ Ｌｏｕｒ．ｃｖ．Ｓｈｉｘｉａ）为试材,研究了冷藏（４ ℃）条件下,适当的ＳＯ２ 熏蒸预处理对果实氧化作用与衰老的影响。结果表明：硫处理果实,呼吸速率比对照显著降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,使果实受到不可逆抑制;果皮膜透性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量比对照明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性成倍提高,并出现新的ＳＯＤ同工酶带。贮藏效果表明：合理的ＳＯ２ 处理能够延缓果实的衰老进程,延长贮藏寿命     

土地征用农民利益谁来负责?

山东省青岛胶南市滨海街道办事处（原大珠山镇）王家村，外交部部长李肇星的家乡，在经济发展和土地出让征用中，农民利益受到严重侵害。     

不同种质沙棘在干旱条件下营养生长适应性的研究

在干旱条件下,不同种质沙棘的营养生长适应性差异较大,中国沙棘和杂交沙棘的营养生长适应性显著强于俄罗斯良种沙棘,后者各品种间的营养生长适应性有差异;干旱缺水是影响不同种质沙棘的主导因素,年降水量少于400mm时,无灌溉或地下潜水补给的沙棘,营养生长适应性将大受影响,造林建园时应给予充分重视。     

稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯的效果及技术

宜昌市于2007秋在枝江市示范种植稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯36.67 hm2举办核心示范样板3.33 hm2.平均每公顷产鲜薯19695 kg、纯收入19997.4元,整个示范区平均每公顷纯收入15000元以上,其主要栽培要点是备好种薯、适时播种、施足底肥、保证密度、盖好稻草、精心田管、搞好化调.     

放牧和舍饲条件下朗德鹅血液生化指标的变化

以合肥富安生物科技有限公司种鹅场饲养的70日龄朗德鹅为试验动物,随机抽取放牧和舍饲条件下的健康朗德鹅各20只进行试验,测定了其血液生化指标的变化。结果表明：放牧和舍饲2种饲养方式朗德鹅的血清镁离子含量差异极显著,尿素氮和白蛋白含量差异显著,而血清钙、钠、无机磷、葡萄糖、总蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、淀粉酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶含量间差异不显著。     

中国暖温带木本植物物候模拟分析

【目的】植物物候能指示自然环境中的气象和水文变化。采用SW模型模拟木本植物的物候期,分析SW模型的有效性和适用性;结合植物生物学特性分析SW模型模拟效果差异产生的原因,为今后物候模型及物候期研究提供基础。【方法】基于沈阳、北京、西安、洛阳等10个站点观测的地面物候数据(叶芽开放期、展叶始期、开花始期和叶变色期)与气象数据,利用模拟退火法对SW模型的参数进行了估计,并对模型进行内部检验及交叉检验,评价模型的准确度及适用性。【结果】研究区域各地近50年的气温呈上升趋势。除洛阳、德州外其余地点春季物候期均为显著提前趋势。其中,泰安的紫薇开花始期提前最为显著,以每10年-4.96 d的速度提前,北京的银杏叶芽开放期提前趋势最不显著,以每10年-0.72 d速度提前。秋季叶变色期表现为推迟,秦皇岛紫薇叶变色期以每10年1.05 d速度推迟,北京地区植物叶变色期以每10年0.12～0.49 d的速度推迟。SW模型对春季物候期模拟效果优于对秋季物候期的模拟,且乔木模拟效果略优于灌木。该模型对加拿大杨展叶始期模拟最为准确,决定系数(R²)为0.958,均方根误差(RMSE)为3....     

蔬菜穴盘苗自动精确移栽组合式取苗机构设计与测试

Precision planting is one key point of precision agriculture.A doorframe type swing seedling pick-up device for the automatic precise field transplanter was designed and tested in a laboratory.The seedling device could automatically extract seedlings from growing trays, transfer them, and release them into the planting unit where they were to be precisely transplanted into the ground.It consisted of a path manipulator and two grippers.The path manipulator for seedling extraction was constructed with creative design of Ⅱ-type mechanism combination in series.It consisted of an oscillating guide linkage mechanism and a grooved globoidal cam mechanism.According to the planned seedling pick-up trajectory, the design of the path manipulator for seedling extraction was finished with a set of the closed loop vector equation.The gripper was a pincette-type mechanism using the pick-up pins to penetrate into the root mass for seedling extraction.It consisted of multiple pick-up pins, U-type pull rod, shaft, stop block, compression spring and frame.The mechanical dimensions of the gripper were determined by the tray size and plant characteristic with a set of rectangular equations and the boundary constraint conditions.The final gripper was developed on the basis of cultural practice for vegetable seedling in China.A prototype of the seedling pick-up device was constructed to examine whether its working efficacy was satisfactory or not.According to the analysis on the work process, the seedling pick-up device could precisely complete a work cycle of approaching, penetrating, extracting, transferring, erecting and discharging a seedling.Taking pepper seedlings, tomato seedlings and cucumber seedlings as the transplanting objects, the performance tests were conducted to evaluate the practicality and adaptability of the pick-up device.The laboratory evaluation showed that the pick-up device equipped with two grippers could extract 70 seedlings per minute with an average success ratio of 90.49%.The quality of extracting seedlings was satisfactory.