西藏“一江两河”流域中部草地沙漠化与防治

据１：３．５×１０＾４假彩色红外航空像片室内判读与野外调查，本区沙漠化草地可分为中度及轻度两种，面积１２．８２３万ｈｍ＾２，导致草地沙漠化的人为因素主要是超载过牧，樵柴，放牧制度不合理等，草地沙漠化防治可采取生物，管理及工程等措施。     

猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

仔猪日粮中添加糖萜素对生产性能及腹泻率影响研究

本试验按性别和体重选用120头杜×长×大21日龄断奶健康仔猪进行饲喂试验,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复8头猪。研究结果表明,饲料中添加糖萜素,提高了仔猪的日增重和采食量。糖萜素与黄霉素有一定的协同作用。     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the feces of dairy cows fed whole crop maize silage to assess the survival of silage bacteria in the gut

In order to assess the survival of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in whole crop maize silage in the gut of dairy cows, one representative silage sample and three different feces samples were collected from dairy cows on three dairy farms in Hua Bei, China and three dairy farms in Kyushu, Japan. The composition of the bacterial community was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lactobacillus acetotolerans was detected in all bunker‐made maize silage samples, regardless of the dairy farm or sampling region from which they were sourced. A total of eight LAB species were detected in the maize silage samples, of which three (L. acetotolerans, L. pontis and L. casei) appeared to survive digestion. The populations of L. acetotolerans in silage and feces were 10^6–7 and 10^3–4 copies/g, respectively, indicating that, even for the LAB species showing potential survival in the gut, competition in this niche may be harsh and the population may substantially decrease during the digestion process. It may be difficult for silage LAB to survive in the gut of silage‐fed dairy cows, because marked decrease in population can take place during the digestion process, even for surviving species.     

乙型脑炎病毒的发病机理及毒力致病分子机理的研究

乙型脑炎病毒所引起的疾病日本脑炎是严重威胁人畜健康的一种中枢神经系统的急性传染病,该病以蚊为媒介而传播,以高热和狂暴或沉郁等神经症状为特征,具有明显的季节性和一定的地理分布区。本文主要介绍了乙型脑炎的发病机理、病毒基因组成、乙型脑炎的发病机理和毒力致病机理的研究,从乙脑病毒的基因组结构及其所编码的蛋白质的功能上分析乙脑病毒的毒力致病机理与基因结构的关系及其研究进展,为进一步掌握乙脑病毒强弱毒株基因结构的差异及研究其基因工程疫苗提供了理论基础。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

黑寡妇蜘蛛牵引丝单一多聚序列对蚕丝性能改良的研究

蚕丝性能的优劣决定了蚕丝的价值和使用领域。本研究人工设计和构建了包含蜘蛛丝MaSp1基因中的32倍type1序列(32×MT1)和红色荧光蛋白表达框的piggyBac转基因质粒pBac[DsRed-32×MT1],通过显微注射家蚕品种兰10蚕卵获得了能够稳定遗传的转基因家蚕品系pBac-32×MT1。经荧光显微镜筛选、插入位点分析、mRNA表达丰度检测以及茧壳蛋白检测,证明了转基因家蚕能够表达融合了蛛蛛丝蛋白和轻链蛋白的重组丝。扫描电镜观察显示,转基因家蚕茧壳和丝纤维表面的形态和结构与野生型蚕品种兰10相近。傅里叶转换红外光谱去卷积分析表明,转基因家蚕丝蛋白二级结构中与丝应力有关的β折叠含量达到63.6%,而野生型品种兰10丝蛋白的β折叠含量约为20%。蚕丝机械性能测定表明,转基因家蚕蚕丝的应力、应变和韧性比野生型家蚕丝分别提升了27.7%、10.7%和45.2%。上述结果表明,在家蚕基因组中导入MaSp1基因的type1单一多聚序列能显著增强重组丝的综合力学性能。     

HSP90 gene expression induced by aspirin is associated with damage remission in a chicken myocardial cell culture exposed to heat stress

1. To understand the potential protection of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) induced by aspirin against heat stress damage in chicken myocardial cells, enzyme activities related to stress damage, cytopathological changes, the expression and distribution of HSP90, and HSP90 mRNA levels in the myocardial cells exposed to heat stress (42°C) for different durations with or without aspirin administration (1 mg/ml, 2 h prior) in vitro were investigated.

2. Significant increase of enzyme levels in the supernatant of heat-stressed myocardial cells and cellular lesions characterised by acute degeneration, karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis were observed, compared to non-treated cells. However, the lesions of cells treated with aspirin were milder, characterised by earlier recovery of enzyme levels to the control levels and no obvious heat stress-related cellular necrosis.

3. Stronger positive signals in the cytoplasm and longer retention of HSP90 signal in nuclei were observed in aspirin-treated myocardial cells than those of only heat-stressed cells. HSP90 level in the aspirin-treated myocardial cells was 11.1-fold higher than that in non-treated cells, and remained at a high level at the early stage of heat stress, whereas it was just 4.1-fold higher in only heat-stressed cells and returned rapidly to a low level.

4. Overexpression of HSP90 mRNA in aspirin-treated cells was observed throughout the experiment, whereas HSP90 mRNA decreased significantly only in heat-stressed cells.

5. The early higher HSP90 expression induced by aspirin during heat stress was accompanied by decreased heat stress damage, suggesting that aspirin might play an important role in preventing myocardial cells from heat stress damage in vitro.

     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.     

不同单酶制剂混合检测对比研究

试验以木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和酸性蛋白酶为对象,首先研究了酸性蛋白酶分别和其他3种单酶进行混合后酶活测定值变化情况,结果表明,酸性蛋白酶对其他3种单酶的检测结果没有影响;试验第二部分研究了4种单酶整体混合在一起后各单酶测定值的变化情况,结果表明,木聚糖酶测定值出现很大偏高,其他3种单酶测定结果未出现显著偏差;进行进一步论证试验表明,淀粉酶可能是使木聚糖酶测定结果偏高的原因。