设施杏树生长发育规律的研究

本试验以金太阳和骆驼黄杏为试材,对设施栽培杏树果实与新梢生长发育和花芽分化进程进行了研究。结果表明：设施中的两个杏品种,不论是正常区还是高温区,果实的纵横径生长都呈“双S”生长曲线,但是高温区的果实纵横径的生长量高于常温区。设施条件下金太阳杏树的新梢生长的快速生长出现次数没有改变,与露地杏树相同均为三次,但生长速率大,维持时间长,出现的时间也与露地不同。设施杏树果实与新梢之间在生长时间上存在有交替现象。设施内金太阳杏的花芽形态分化进程从5月20日开始到10月下旬结束。     

Bayesian Semiparametric Model for Pathway-Based Analysis with Zero-Inflated Clinical Outcomes

In this paper, we propose a semiparametric regression approach for identifying pathways related to zero-inflated clinical outcomes, where a pathway is a gene set derived from prior biological knowledge. Our approach is developed by using a Bayesian hierarchical framework. We model the pathway effect nonparametrically into a zero-inflated Poisson hierarchical regression model with an unknown link function. Nonparametric pathway effect was estimated via a kernel machine, and the unknown link function was estimated by transforming a mixture of the beta cumulative density function. Our approach provides flexible nonparametric settings to describe the complicated association between gene expressions and zero-inflated clinical outcomes. The Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampling algorithm and Bayes factor were adopted to make statistical inferences. Our simulation results support that our semiparametric approach is more accurate and flexible than zero-inflated Poisson regression with the canonical link function, which is especially true when the number of genes is large. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated through its applications to the Canine data set from Enerson et al. (Toxicol Pathol 34:27–32, 2006). Our approach can also be applied to other settings where a large number of highly correlated predictors are present.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.     

共培养对土壤重金属污染植物修复的调控作用

A co-culture of two plant materials, Astragalus sinicus L., a leguminous plant with concomitant nodules, and Elsholtzia splendens Naki-a Cu accumulator, along with treatments of a chelating agent (EDTA), root excretions (citric acid), and a control with E. splendens only were used to compare the mobility of heavy metals in chelating agents with a co-culture and to determine the potential for co-culture phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soils. The root uptake for Cu, Zn, and Pb in all treatments was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control treatment. However with translocation in the shoots, only Cu, Zn, and Pb in plants grown with the EDTA treatment and Zn in plants co-cropped with the A. sinicus treatment increased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, when a co-culture in soils with heavy and moderate contamination was compared, for roots in moderately contaminated soils only Zn concentration was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that of heavily contaminated soils, however, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations of shoots were all significantly lower (P < 0.05). Overall, this "co-culture engineering" could be as effective as or even more effective than chelating agents, thereby preventing plant metal toxicity and metal leaching in soils as was usually observed in chelate-enhanced phytoremediation.     

中国北方主产地苹果始花期模拟及晚霜冻风险评估

建立中国北方苹果主产地苹果始花期模型,分析苹果花期晚霜冻气候风险,为有效防御晚霜冻灾害对当地苹果生产的影响提供科学指导。该研究选取中国新疆的伊宁、阿克苏、黄土高原的万荣、白水、礼泉、陕州区和渤海湾的福山、熊岳分别代表中国3大苹果产区,利用各区代表站的苹果始花期资料和同期气象数据,建立并检验了不同站点苹果始花期模型,并利用该模型模拟了1962-2019年苹果始花期,分析其时空变化特征。结合晚霜冻气象指标,对苹果花期晚霜冻气候风险进行评估。结果表明:1)苹果始花期模型能够在数据独立的情况下较准确地模拟各区代表站的始花期变化,新疆、黄土高原和渤海湾苹果产区内部检验的均方根误差分别为2.5～4.8、2.4～5.0、2.3～3.0 d,交叉检验的均方根误差分别为5.0～6.6、3.4～6.0和3.6～4.1 d。2)模拟得到的苹果始花期均呈显著提前趋势,趋势系数分别为-1.84～-1.04、-3.09～-2.62和-2.37～-1.88d/10a。3)不同区域苹果晚霜冻气候风险有着明显的差异。新疆和黄土高原果区苹果晚霜冻气候风险指数相对较大,其中伊宁最大达2.38,其次是万荣达1.81,而渤海湾...     

DOC与POC耦合柴油机燃用调合生物柴油颗粒物的排放特性

在一台高压共轨柴油机上进行燃用调合生物柴油(B0、B10和B20)台架试验,利用MOUDI颗粒分级采样系统和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分别研究氧化催化器(diesel oxidation catalyst,DOC)结合颗粒氧化催化器(particle oxidation catalyst,POC)对颗粒物的粒径质量浓度分布和可溶性有机组分(SOF)的影响。结果表明:随着生物柴油的掺混比增加,各粒径范围的排气颗粒物质量浓度均下降,质量浓度峰值均在0.18~0.32μm;颗粒物SOF中脂类、酸类质量分数增加,烷烃类、芳香烃、酚类物质质量分数减少;B0和B20的碳原子数质量分数均呈现近似以C16为峰值的正态分布。加装DOC+POC后,3种燃料颗粒物的质量浓度均降低,聚集态颗粒的质量浓度转化率高于粗颗粒态,其中B20聚集态转化率最高,为58.36%;随着生物柴油的掺混比增加,DOC+POC对SOF的转化率增大,其中B20颗粒中SOF转化率达65.15%;DOC+POC对脂类和酸类物质净化作用明显,加装DOC+POC后,B20脂类和酸类物质的质量分数降幅分别为55.45%和43.27%;DOC+POC对B20颗粒物中SOF的C12~C18氧化作用明显。     

CO2体积分数倍增对4种植物幼苗气体交换及水分利用效率的影响

在CO2体积分数倍增的条件下,研究了油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、元宝枫(Acer truncatum)和刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)叶片的气体交换及水分利用效率的变化。结果表明:CO2体积分数倍增条件下,4个树种的净光合速率均高于对照,油松、侧柏和元宝枫的日平均蒸腾速率分别较对照降低4.2%、17.5%和29.9%,其水分利用效率的日变化明显高于对照,分别提高25.6%、42.1%和52.2%。在CO2体积分数倍增条件下培养30、60和90d后,植物的水分利用效率明显提高,90d时油松、侧柏、刺槐和元宝枫分别为对照的224.9%、162.9%、154.3%和108.1%。     

黄土高原褐土和黑垆土剖面中Rb和Sr分布与全新世成土环境变化

对黄土高原 3个土壤剖面Rb和Sr分布规律的研究表明 ,全新世不同阶段的黄土和土壤中Rb和Sr分布存在明显的差异 ,Rb/Sr比值的变化反映了成土环境和成土作用强度的变化。全新世早期 ,气候比较温和干燥 ,风尘堆积速率降低 ,土壤发育表现为边沉积边成土 ;全新世中期 ,气候温暖湿润 ,沙尘暴很少发生 ,风尘堆积速率极低 ,生物风化成土作用达到最强 ,以至于在黄土高原面发育黑垆土 ,在关中盆地形成褐土。到了 3 10 0多年前 ,气候恶化变干 ,风尘堆积速率加快 ,土壤严重退化。从区域上看 ,冬季风对黄土高原南部的环境效应比夏季风对北部的环境效应要强 ;黄土高原南部季风场强的变化较北部大。     

杀虫剂对褐稻虱种群控制作用的评价

本文应用干扰作用控制指数分析不同类型杀虫剂对褐稻虱的作用.褐稻虱繁殖力强,天敌作用明显,试验结果说明,广谱性杀虫剂喹硫磷,由于对天敌作用的明显干扰,干扰作用控制指效值达2.69倍。即其下代数量将为对照的2.69倍;特异性杀虫剂扑虱灵,对褐稻虱的作用明显,对其天敌比较安全,其干扰作用控制指数值为0.37。即其下代数量明显下降,收到良好效果,干扰作用控制指数表达了杀虫剂对害虫种群的控制作用、包括对天敌干扰作用的总体效果。特异性杀虫剂在解决有害生物协调管理将会起着良好的作用。     

天台国清寺景区马尾松枯死的初步研究

经调查结果表明，天台县国清寺景区马尾松枯死的原因是，林分密度大、树种单一、松树生长衰弱、松墨天牛危害严重引起松树大量流脂导致逐渐枯死，但尚未发现松材线虫病危害。加强抚育管理，调整林分结构，培植阔叶树种，逐渐形成混交林，是国清寺景区风景林的发展方向。