“香两优98049”的选育与应用

用“香125S”与“98049”进行杂交,育成早稻新组合“香两优98049”。该组合产量高、抗性强。简要介绍了该组合的栽培和制种技术要点。     

海岸带复合农林业水杉林带生物量估测模型的研究

根据海岸带复合农林业不同立地类型（旱作田和水旱轮作田）水杉林带生物量的测定资料，建立了水杉林带树干、树枝、树叶、地上部分、地下部分及全株生物量模型。经择优分析，确认数学模型ｌｎｙ＝ａ＋ｂ．ｌｎｘ为水杉林中器官生物量的最优估测模型；以树冠体积（ｃ＾２ｈ）估测枝、叶量的效果好于对树干体积（Ｄ＾２Ｈ）的估测效果；其余器官生物量的估测则以Ｄ＾２Ｈ为佳。     

减压对冬枣采后生理生化变化的影响

 以冬枣果实为试材 ,研究了减压对枣果贮藏生理生化变化的影响。结果表明 ,减压有效地保持了枣果的硬度和VC 含量 ,降低了果肉中乙醇、乙醛含量和枣果呼吸强度 ,抑制了抗坏血酸氧化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性 ,减慢了内源乙烯的释放速率。但是 ,减压对阻止果肉褐变无明显效果。     

海藻热解生物油的成分分析

为了明确海藻热解生物油的主要成分及热解工况对成分的影响,对海藻生物质（条浒苔、马尾藻）不同工况下热解制得的生物油进行气相色谱质谱联用分析。海藻类生物油成分除了含氮化合物外,主要是一些烃类、酮类、醛类、醇类和酚类化合物,以及较大分子量的羧酸及其衍生物,并包含了少量呋喃、吡喃、吡啶等衍生物的杂环化合物。条浒苔油中羧酸及其衍生物（37.85%）和烃类物质（16.61%）较多,而马尾藻生物油中甾族（30.16%）和醇类化合物（24.81%）较多,也检测出油酸、棕榈酸酯和花生酸。不同工况下产生的生物油在组成成分上非常相似,只是相对含量有所不同。热解温度对海藻油组分分布起了重要作用,而载气流量对热解海藻油组分分布的影响不明显。试验结果还表明海藻油中含氮化合物的形成主要与蛋白质的分解有关。海藻生物油相对于陆上植物热解生物油优点为高含烃量,低含氧量。海藻热解制油工艺中温度应控制在500～600℃之间,能达到较佳产油率和油品。     

全沟硬蜱围食膜初步观察研究

本工作用光镜和电镜技术对全沟硬蜱的围食膜进行了初步观察研究。结果表明，饥饿幼虫、若虫、成虫以及吸血期雄性成虫不具围食膜。吸血期幼虫、若虫及雌性成虫最晚分别于吸血开始后20、20及18小时出现了单层结构的围食膜；缓慢吸血期围食膜的厚度持续增加，而在快速吸血期其厚度却会显著减小。饱血后发育期围食膜不断增厚，愈来愈拱曲，与肠壁的距离不断扩大，并形成多层结构；至少分别于饱血后12、25及11天，仍能在幼虫、若虫及雌性成虫肠腔观察到完好状态的围食膜。全沟硬蜱是我国北方地区多种血液传播病原体的重要媒介，其围食膜的发现及围食膜形态变化的初步描述，对进一步认识这些病原体在全沟硬蜱体内迁移扩散规律、发育动态以及向宿主的传播途径，可提供有益的启示。     

Partitioning the multi-scale effects of human activity on the occurrence of riparian forest birds

Conservationists, managers, and land planners are faced with the difficult task of balancing many issues regarding humans impacts on natural systems. Many of these potential impacts arise from local-scale and landscape-scale changes, but such changes often covary, which makes it difficult to isolate and compare independent effects arising from humans. We partition multi-scale impacts on riparian forest bird distribution in 105 patches along approximately 500 km of the Madison and Missouri Rivers, Montana, USA. To do so, we coupled environmental information from local (within-patch), patch, and landscape scales reflecting potential human impacts from grazing, invasive plant species, habitat loss and fragmentation, and human development with the distribution of 28 terrestrial breeding bird species in 2004 and 2005. Variation partitioning of the influence of different spatial scales suggested that local-scale vegetation gradients explained more unique variation in bird distribution than did information from patch and landscape scales. Partitioning potential human impacts revealed, however, that riparian habitat loss and fragmentation at the patch and landscape scales explained more unique variation than did local disturbances or landscape-scale development (i.e., building density in the surrounding landscape). When distribution was correlated with human disturbance, local-scale disturbance had more consistent impacts than other scales, with species showing consistent negative correlations with grazing but positive correlations with invasives. We conclude that while local vegetation structure best explains bird distribution, managers concerned with ongoing human influences in this system need to focus more on mitigating the effects of large-scale disturbances than on more local land use issues. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

多菌灵和三唑酮混配对小麦病害的协同杀菌作用

研究表明,多菌灵和三唑酮经合理混配后对抑制小麦赤霉病菌和白粉菌菌丝生长和分生孢子的萌发显示增效作用,对麦角甾醇的生物合成了显示了增效作用,说明两者混配具有协同增效作用,对抑制小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长显示相加作用     

Precision phenotyping of imidazolinone-induced chlorosis in sunflower

Chlorosis level is a useful parameter to assess imidazolinone resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The aim of this study was to quantify chlorosis through two different methods in sunflower plantlets treated with imazapyr. The genotypes used in this study were two inbred lines reported to be different in their resistance to imidazolinones. Chlorosis was evaluated by spectrophotometrical quantification of photosynthetic leaf pigments and by a bioinformatics-based color analysis. A protocol for pigment extraction was presented which improved pigment stability. Chlorophyll amount decreased significantly when both genotypes were treated with 10 μM of imazapyr. Leaf color was characterized using Tomato Analyzer^® color test software. A significant positive correlation between color reduction and chlorophyll concentration was found. It suggests that leaf color measurement could be an accurate method to estimate chlorosis and infer chlorophyll levels in sunflower plants. These results highlight a strong relationship between imidazolinone-induced chlorosis and variations in leaf color and in chlorophyll concentration. Both methods are quantitative, rapid, simple, and reproducible. Thus, they could be useful tools for phenotyping and screening large number of plants when breeding for imidazolinone resistance in this species.     

创意农业的生成机制及模式类型研究

当前,各界对创意农业的关注持续升温,经济发展推动我国各个产业不断向现代化迈进,在农业的产业现代化进程中,产业升级使传统农业产业结构不断调整;产业融合促进传统农业走向全新发展模式;农业产业链延伸有效提升农业生产各个环节的创新发展空间;创意产业为农业增加文化、创意附加值,创意农业应运而生。根据农业生产的不同产业链环节,创意农业划分为乡村及农业景观创意类、农业生产科技创意类、农产品及包装展示创意类、营销与服务创意类、农产品加工创意类、农业文化遗产创意类六大类型。     

氮肥运筹对小麦群体变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响

为小麦持续增产提供重要技术途径,对氮肥不同施用量和不同底追比例进行研究,选用‘周麦18’作为试验材料,研究了氮肥运筹技术对小麦群体动态变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响。结果表明：“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥运筹技术降低了小麦生育期的最高群体,小麦分蘖成穗率较传统施肥处理提高了3.1个百分点,同时增加了穗粒重、提高了千粒重,单穗重显著提高了0.2 g;在每公顷施纯氮240 kg和180 kg条件下,运用“前轻中重后补充”氮肥运筹技术较传统施肥处理（全底）增产694.5 kg/hm2、486.0 kg/hm2,增幅分别为10.1%和7.2%。结果说明“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥应用策略是一项高产高效的氮肥运筹技术。