No effect of exogenous melatonin on development of cryopreserved metaphase II oocytes in mouse

Background

This study was conducted to investigate effect of exogenous melatonin on the development of mouse mature oocytes after cryopreservation.

Results

First, mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes were vitrified in the open-pulled straws (OPS). After warming, they were cultured for 1 h in M₂ medium containing melatonin at different concentrations (0, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁵, 10⁻³ mol/L). Then the oocytes were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels (fluorescence microscopy), and the developmental potential after parthenogenetic activation. The experimental results showed that the ROS level and cleavage rate in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin group was significantly lower than that in melatonin-free group (control). The GSH levels and blastocyst rates in all melatonin-treated groups were similar to that in control. Based on the above results, we detected the expression of gene Hsp90aa1, Hsf1, Hspa1b, Nrf2 and Bcl-x1 with qRT-PCR in oocytes treated with 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin and untreated control. After warming and culture for 1 h, the oocytes showed higher Hsp90aa1 expression in 10⁻⁷ mol/L melatonin-treated group than in the control (P < 0.05); the Hsf1, Hsp90aa1 and Bcl-x1 expression were significantly decreased in 10⁻³ mol/L melatonin-treated group when compared to the control. Based on the above results and previous research, we detected the development of vitrified-warmed oocytes treated with either 10⁻⁷ or 0 mol/L melatonin by in vitro fertilization. No difference was observed between them.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the supplementation of melatonin (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻³ mol/L) in culture medium and incubation for 1 h did not improve the subsequent developmental potential of vitrified-warmed mouse MII oocytes, even if there were alteration in gene expression.     

我国活性炭生产现状与发展趋势

这是一篇关于中国活性炭生产的调查报告。论述了活性炭的生产现状、技术进步、产品质量和工厂管理以及今后的发展趋势。     

Study of wavelet denoising in apple's charge-coupled device near-infrared spectroscopy

Discrete wavelet transform was used to eliminate the noise in the charge-coupled device near-infrared (CCD-NIR) spectra of apple. The influence of three parameters (wavelet function, decomposition level, and threshold) on the predictive ability of the calibration model was investigated. The result showed that the db, sym, and bior wavelet families performed well, while the coif, dmey, and haar wavelets were not able to denoise effectively. The best decomposition level was 2. The threshold selection rules of the default, Birge-Massart, and Penalty had good denoising results, while SURE, Sqtwolog, Heuristic SURE, and Minimax set all detailed coefficients to zero due to their high threshold values. The best denoising result was obtained with the combination of the bior3.3 wavelet function, two levels of decomposition, default threshold selection rule, and the soft thresholding method. The optimal model of soluble solids content was constructed. The relative standard deviation of prediction decreased from 7.79 to 5.82% after wavelet denoising.     

Identification of two polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activities in longan pericarp tissues

Longan fruits contain a significant amount of polyphenols. In the present study, polyphenols were extracted from longan pericarp tissues, and then two representative polyphenols were separated and purified by polyamide column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and silica gel column chromatography. On the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) data, the two compounds were identified as 4-O-methylgallic acid and (-)-epicatechin, respectively. In terms of reaction with longan polyphenol oxidase (PPO), (-)-epicatechin was further identified as the PPO substrate that caused longan fruit to brown. The results of antioxidant activity showed that 4-O-methylgallic acid had higher reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl- (DPPH-), hydroxyl radical-, and superoxide radical-scavenging activities than (-)-epicatechin.     

Development of an immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip for rapid detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles

A rapid immunochromatographic lateral-flow test strip was developed in the competitive reaction format for the detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscle. A monoclonal antibody against the common structure of sulfonamides was conjugated to colloidal gold particles as the detection reagent and an N-sulfanilyl-4-aminobenzoic acid (SUL)-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was immobilized to a nitrocellulose membrane as the capture reagent to prepare the test strip. With this method, it required only 15 min to accomplish the semiquantitative or quantitative detection of sulfonamides. The sensitivity to sulfonamides (sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfadiazine) was at least 10 ng/mL, as determined with an optical density scanner. By eye measurement, the sensitivity was 20 ng/mL for sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamethoxydiazine, and sulfadimethoxine and 40 ng/mL for sulfadiazine. On the basis of a sulfamonomethoxine standard curve, recoveries were from 89.5 to 95.6% for sulfamonomethoxine, from 89.5 to 95.1% for sulfamethoxydiazine, from 85.0 to 95.6% for sulfadimethoxine, and from 44.8 to 60.9% for sulfadiazine in egg and chicken muscle samples. A parallel analysis of 27 egg samples and 28 chicken muscle samples from the animal experiment showed that the differences between test strips and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were from 0.8 to 11.2% for egg samples and from 2.2 to 34% for chicken muscle samples for the quantitative detection, and the agreement rates between test strips and HPLC were 100%, based on the maximum allowed residue level of sulfadiazine (100 ng/g) established by the European Union and China. In conclusion, the method is rapid and accurate for the detection of sulfonamides in eggs and chicken muscles.     

浙江遂昌毛竹产业发展的困境与对策

为促进浙江遂昌毛竹产业可持续发展,深入分析了遂昌县毛竹产业发展的现状、存在的问题。结果表明：毛竹一产春笋、竹材价格下降,生产成本上升,劳动力缺乏;二产规模企业不足,环保问题未能有效破解,产业链不完整,初加工废料和毛竹采伐剩余物竹枝、竹叶绝大部分还未充分利用;三产毛竹产业文创产品和旅游产品开发相对滞后。为此,摆脱毛竹产业的困境,必须通过体制机制创新,主体培育壮大,生产要素集聚,落实“主攻二产、发展三产、提升一产”的措施,实现一二三产融合发展。     

平欧杂种榛焦叶原因

为探寻新疆平欧杂种榛焦叶发生的主要原因,以2个平欧杂种榛主栽品种为研究对象,对焦叶发生程度、栽培环境因子进行测定,利用相关性和回归分析等方法探析环境因子与平欧杂种榛焦叶发生的相关性,以及对焦叶率影响较大的环境因子。结果表明：(1)在生长季内,C园平欧杂种榛没有焦叶现象发生,A园和B园焦叶发生均在9月达到高峰(焦叶发生率≥80%),此时2个品种焦叶发生程度均为‘新榛3号’大于‘新榛1号’,其中A园平均焦叶率分别为15.15%、6.75%;B园分别为：37.09%、33.2%(2)与焦叶率存在极显著相关性的环境因子包括：光照强度、温度、相对湿度、土壤含水量和速效钾(P<0.01)。(3)多元回归分析显示‘新榛1号’焦叶率受各环境因子影响程度从大到小依次为温度、相对湿度、土壤含水量、速效钾、光照强度;‘新榛3号’从大到小依次为相对湿度、土壤含水量、光照强度、速效钾、温度。     

两种盆养方式对‘洛阳红’牡丹促成栽培质量的影响及硼砂灌根的调控效应

试验以牡丹‘洛阳红’为材料,比较提早盆养后促成栽培(FCPP)和临时上盆直接促成栽培(FCTPP)两种方式的盆花质量,以及硼砂灌根对其促成栽培的调控效应,以期为广州异地盆养牡丹年宵花生产提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明,两种促成栽培方式均能实现广州异地盆养牡丹植株发育和开花,在未经硼砂灌根条件下,FCPP方式可以显著降低缩蕾率、缩短盆养期、延长单株最佳观赏期29.4 h,分别提高花径、花色素苷含量、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量18.3%、36.6%、29.1%和29.4%,植株营养生长和生殖生长更协调,盆花质量显著提高。硼砂灌根处理显著提高牡丹根、叶、花中的硼素含量、蕾径、花瓣中花色素苷含量,以及花瓣的亮度、红度和饱和度。FCPP盆花质量明显优于FCTPP方式,以2.0 g/L硼砂灌根的效果较优。建议广州异地盆养牡丹年宵花生产时采用提早盆养后促成栽培的方式,并结合硼砂灌根,进一步提高促成栽培盆花的质量。     

羊粪有机肥对洛阳植烟土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响

本试验通过研究植烟土壤中微生物群落结构和功能类群对羊粪有机肥的响应,为洛阳烟区应用有机肥改良植烟土壤提供科学依据。试验设4个处理：不施肥(CK)、仅施化肥(T1)、50%饼肥氮+50%化肥氮(T2)、50%羊粪有机肥氮+50%化肥氮(T3),采用高通量测序技术分析烟草旺长期各处理土壤微生物群落结构及功能类群。结果表明：(1)有机肥明显改变了植烟土壤微生物群落结构的alpha多样性。与饼肥处理相比,羊粪有机肥降低了烟草土壤细菌群落结构的多样性和丰富度,但是提高了真菌群落结构的多样性和均匀度。(2)beta多样性分析显示有机肥处理土壤微生物群落结构与单施化肥处理明显不同,羊粪有机肥和饼肥处理间真菌群落结构差异较大。(3)优势细菌类群分析：有机肥增加了放线菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度,其中饼肥处理放线菌门丰度增加更为显著,羊粪有机肥处理变形菌门丰度增加幅度较大。LEfSe分析表明,T1处理红色杆菌纲和红色杆菌目显著富集,T2样本中放线菌门、放线菌纲、Frankiales目显著富集,T3处理样本中鞘脂单胞菌科、鞘脂单胞菌目和丙酸杆菌目显著富集。(4)优势真菌类群分析：有机...