农业中的经营风险及对策研究

我国的农业保险自1982年起步后,其发展大致经历了两个阶段:一是1984～1992年,由低速增长到高速增长的发展过程,二是从1993年至今,由高速增长到低速增长的滑坡过程.农业保险对我国农业和农村经济的发展起到了积极的保障作用,但在当前其发展却矛盾突出,困难重重,特别是面临的风险越来越多、越来越复杂和多样化.     

Detection of specific antibody responses to vaccination in variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus)

Megachiropteran bats are biologically important both as endangered species and reservoirs for emerging human pathogens. Reliable detection of antibodies to specific pathogens in bats is thus epidemiologically critical. Eight variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus) were immunized with 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA). Each bat received monthly inoculations for 2 months. Affinity-purified IgG was used for production of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-variable flying fox IgG antibodies. ELISA and western blot analysis were used to monitor immune responses and for assessment of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody species cross-reactivity. Protein G, polyclonal antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies detected specific anti-DNP antibody responses in immunized variable flying foxes, with protein G being the most sensitive, followed by monoclonal antibodies and then polyclonal antibodies. While the polyclonal antibody was found to cross-react well against IgG of all bat species tested, some non-specific background was observed. The monoclonal antibody was found to cross-react well against IgG of six other species in the genus Pteropus and to cross-react less strongly against IgG from Eidolon helvum or Phyllostomus hastatus. Protein G distinguished best between vaccinated and unvaccinated bats, and these results validate the use of protein G for detection of bat IgG. Monoclonal antibodies developed in this study recognized immunoglobulins from other members of the genus Pteropus well, and may be useful in applications where specific detection of Pteropus IgG is needed.     

Streptococcus equi bacteriophage SeP9 binds to group C carbohydrate but is not infective for the closely related S. zooepidemicus

Streptococcus equi (S. equi subsp. equi) is widely believed to have evolved from an ancestral strain of S. zooepidemicus (S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus) based on high sequence homology. A striking difference is the absence of phage sequences from S. zooepidemicus. In this study we show that the receptor for SeP9, a temperate bacteriophage of S. equi, is the Lancefield group C carbohydrate. However, although SeP9 binds to group C carbohydrate from S. zooepidemicus, it appears not to replicate and produce plaques.     

Identification and partial sequencing of a crocodile poxvirus associated with deeply penetrating skin lesions in farmed Nile crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus

When large numbers of crocodile skins were downgraded because of the presence of small pin prick-like holes, collapsed epidermal cysts were found deep in the dermis of juvenile crocodiles while forming cysts were observed in hatchlings. Histopathology of these forming cysts showed the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions in proliferating and ballooning epidermal cells. Pox virions were seen in electron microscope preparations made from the scabs of such early lesions. The partial sequencing of virus material from scrapings of these lesions and comparison of it with the published sequence of crocodile poxvirus showed the virus associated with the deep lesions to be closely related, but different. To differentiate between the two forms of crocodile pox infection it is suggested that the previously known form should be called "classical crocodile pox" and the newly discovered form "atypical crocodile pox". The application of strict hygiene measures brought about a decline in the percentage of downgraded skins.     

小草在中国古代诗词中的作用与影响

中国古代诗词与诗歌中有关小草的描述与表达,历史悠久,内容丰富多彩。草在诗词中的作用突出,影响甚广,其中以草写景、以草抒情、借草比喻的作品数最多。很多诗人还常常借草抒发悲欢离合的情绪,反映其对亲人、恋人、朋友和故乡的思念;还有不少诗人用草来表达其人生观、世界观、价值观和情爱观。小草在古代诗词与诗歌中的作用与影响也在很大程度上反映出中国古代的草文化。     

夏季荷叶巧饮食

夏季的鲜嫩荷叶可以做成许多独具风味的食品。荷叶粥：将鲜嫩碧绿的荷叶．用热水略烫一下,煮粥时盖在粥上,等煮好的粥放凉后再加上糖即可。粥色碧味香,让人胃口大开。它是夏令解署的小食品。     

Rapid determination of nonaromatic organic acids in honey by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct ultraviolet detection

A rapid capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with direct ultraviolet (UV) detection has been set up and developed to determine the most important nonaromatic organic acids in honey with a really simple treatment of the sample. The determination of oxalic, formic, malic, succinic, pyruvic, acetic, lactic, citric, and gluconic acids has been carried out in 4 min. The electrolyte composition was phosphate as the carrier buffer (7.5 mM NaH(2)PO(4) and 2.5 mM Na(2)HPO(4)), 2.5 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TTAOH) as electroosmotic flow modifier, and 0.24 mM CaCl(2) as selectivity modifier, with the pH adjusted at 6.40 constant value. The running voltage was -25 kV at a thermostated temperature of 25 degrees C. The injections were performed in hydrodynamic mode (30 s), and the detection mode was UV direct at 185 nm. Validation parameters of the method as detection and quantification limits, linearity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), and recovery were also studied. The advantages related to the technique such as simplicity, short analysis times, and low consumption of chemicals as well as the good validation parameters obtained for this method permit it to be considered as adequate for routine analysis in honey.     

密度和施氮量对沿海滩涂中度盐碱地蓖麻产量和氮素吸收的影响

以淄蓖5号和云蓖泰国202为材料,研究沿海中度盐碱地不同种植密度和施氮量对蓖麻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.结果表明,淄蓖5号在种植密度13000株·hm-2、施氮量120kg·hm-2条件下获得的产量最高,云蓖泰国202的适宜密度为16 000株·hm-2、施氮量为120kg· hm-2.两个品种苗期对氮的吸收速率均缓慢,吸收量较低,蕾期吸收速率和吸收量逐渐增加,开花期达到高峰.高产条件下,每生产l00kg的蓖麻籽淄蓖5号需氮9.93～l0.33kg,云蓖泰国202需氮8.25～l0.12kg.在苗期、蕾期、开花期、花果期和灌浆成熟期,淄蓖5号分别保持2%、15%、50%、15%和20%左右的氮吸收百分率有利于高产;云蓖泰国202分别保持1%、10%、45%、12%和30%左右的氮吸收百分率有利于高产.     

生物样品中微量元素硒的提取检测研究进展

硒是人和动物体内必需的一种微量营养元素,与机体免疫功能、抗氧化能力等密切相关。在生物体内它具有双重作用,长期缺硒会导致疾病,但过量硒又能引起硒中毒,而硒的营养性和毒性差异的含量水平是在一个较窄的范围内变化,摄入量过少会引起克山病、大骨节病、癌症、艾滋病、非典型肺炎等疾病,另一方面,中国富硒带（紫阳和恩施）发生人、畜硒中毒,美国西部4000平方英里的富硒区域,发现有些鸟类胚胎畸型与硒的过量摄人有关。     

冬季地表层温度测试及其对地埋沼气池的影响

为了研究哈尔滨地区地表层温度对地埋式沼气工程的影响,对哈尔滨地区地表层地面至地面-3m内的温度变化规律进行了一年多的跟踪测试。结果表明,哈尔滨地区地埋式沼气池由环境提供的温度距离厌氧发酵所需要的温度都有较大的差距。因此对沼气池的加热保温以及精确的温度控制是非常必要的。