Structural considerations in tracheal disease

Examinations were made of three sections of trachea obtained from eight dogs. The sections examined were at the regions of the second ring caudal to the larynx, the thoracic inlet, and the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk. Measurements were made of the lateral and ventrodorsal diameters, the lumen area of the trachea, the width and thickness of the tracheal cartilages, and the thickness of the trachealis muscle. Cell counts-per-square-micrometer of the cartilage and trachealis muscle were made. The results of these measurements were subjected to statistical analyses by means of one-way and two-way analyses of variance. The tracheal diameters, cartialge thickness, muscle thickness, and tracheal lumen area had significantly different measurements among the areas compared with both statistical methods. Ventrodorsal tracheal diameter and lumen area were not found to have significantly different measurements between the levels of the thoracic inlet and the brachiocephalic trunk. The cell counts did not have significantly different values among the areas considered when body weight was not a factor, but the values were significant when weight was a factor.     

MODERN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS

SUMMARY: Modern treatment of hydatid disease of man depends on confirmation of active disease by use of modern serological tests, accurate identification of anatomical sites followed by complete removal of the parasite without spillage, and sterilisation of the remaining cavity. To avoid spillage use of a hydatid cone is recommended.     

Pretaping of the Aorta Prior to Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation

SURGICAL repair of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common cardiovascular procedures performed in veterinary and human medicine.^1–3 The techniques have been well documented and used successfully.^2–5     

Trichlorfon-induced congenital cerebellar hypoplasia in neonatal pigs

The neuroteratogenicity of trichlorfon was evaluated in 3 groups of pregnant sows (8/group). The treatments were: control (no trichlorfon), trichlorfon (60 mg/kg of body weight) in the feed only on day 55 of gestation, or trichlorfon (60 mg/kg of body weight) in the feed on day 55 and day 70 of gestation. One week after farrowing, all newborn pigs were removed from the sows and were euthanatized. Brain and cerebellum weights of the newborn pigs were recorded. Mean cerebellum weights and cerebellum/total brain weight ratios of the neonatal pigs were 3.780 and 0.106 (group 1, n = 26), 3.183 and 0.098 (group 2, n = 42), and 2.986 and 0.088 (group 3, n = 61). Although trichlorfon interfered with cerebellar development and the severity of the trichlorfon-induced cerebellar hypoplasia was dosage-related, ataxia did not develop in the neonatal pigs.     

Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid associated with canine granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis: a retrospective study

Cerebrospinal fluid of 22 dogs with histologically confirmed granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was analyzed, retrospectively. Seventeen dogs had cisternal CSF analysis, 4 dogs had lumbar CSF analysis, and 1 dog had both. For cisternal CSF, the mean +/- SEM total WBC count was 800.8 +/- 300.9 cells/microliter. The WBC differential count was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic cells, but 13 of the 18 cisternal CSF had polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and the mean +/- SEM PMN cell percentage was 18.6 +/- 5.3%. The mean +/- SEM total protein content of cisternal CSF was 255.8 +/- 98 mg/dl. Of 5 cisternal CSF pressures measured, 4 were within the normal range. The mean +/- SEM total WBC count and total protein content of lumbar CSF were 533.4 +/- 256.5 cells/mu/microliter and 163.2 +/- 25 mg of protein/dl, respectively. As with cisternal CSF, the WBC differential count of lumbar CSF was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic cells. Of 5 lumbar CSF, 4 contained PMN cells, but the percentage was less than the PMN cell percentage of cisternal CSF. Although variable, the general pattern of CSF abnormality associated with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was different from the CSF abnormalities commonly seen with viral, bacterial, or mycotic encephalitides.     

Icterus and amaurosis caused by lead poisoning in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

The diagnosis and treatment of a case of lead poisoning in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) are described. The clinical signs were jaundice and amaurosis. Clinicopathological findings suggested cholestasis. A tentative diagnosis of lead poisoning was made when basophilic stippling of erythrocytes was observed in a peripheral blood smear. The diagnosis was confirmed by finding a lead concentration of 2280 micrograms/litre in a venous blood sample. Cage bars painted with red lead appeared to be the source of the poison. The lead was chelated by the intramuscular administration of 2,3 dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) and calcium disodium edetate for seven days, followed by oral D-penicillamine for five weeks. The encephalopathy was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Recovery from the blindness was noted after 10 days and marked improvement of the general well being of the animal was observed after one month.     

Association of age of ram with distribution of epididymal lesions and etiologic agent

A 2-year study of the frequency of isolation of various organisms from mature and yearling rams with epididymitis was conducted at the US Sheep Experiment Station at Dubois, Idaho. Investigation into the distribution of lesions in the epididymis in relation to age of the ram also was studied. Serologic or bacteriologic evidence of Brucella ovis infection was demonstrated in 79.5% of the mature rams with epididymal lesions. Actinobacillus seminis and Histophilus ovis were the 2 most frequently isolated organisms from yearling rams with lesions. The tail(s) of the epididymis was the most frequent site of lesion development in the mature rams (86.4%). Yearling rams developed lesions twice as frequently in the tail(s) of the epididymis as in the head(s) of the epididymis. When lesions were localized in the head(s) of the epididymis, an etiologic agent usually was not demonstrated.     

Characteristics of Salmonella isolated from animals at a veterinary medical teaching hospital

Salmonella belonging to 47 serotypes was isolated from animals at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during the years 1974 to 1983. Salmonella belonging to 12 serotypes accounted for 89% of the 725 isolates. Salmonella typhimurium (including var copenhagen) was the most commonly isolated serotype, but during 1981 to 1983, S krefeld and S saint-paul were predominant. Certain serotypes seemed to be isolated more frequently from extraintestinal sources (S typhi-suis, S dublin). Although resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides was common (greater than 60% of the isolates were resistant), resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfonamides was infrequent, except for isolates of S krefeld and S saint-paul.     

Trichostrongylus angistris n. sp. from the red duiker Cephalophus natalensis A. Smith, 1834 and a redescription of Trichostrongylus minor M?nnig, 1932

Trichostrongylus angistris n. sp. was found in the abomasa of 13 red duiker Cephalophus natalensis A. Smith, 1834, culled in the Charter's Creek Nature Reserve, Natal. The species is closely related to Trichostrongylus minor M?nnig, 1932 and can be differentiated from it by the shorter dorsal ray and the different shape of the gubernaculum and spicules. The shoes of the spicules of T. minor are set at an angle to the long axis, while those of T. angistris are curved. Upon re-examination, the Trichostrongylus spp., tentatively identified as Trichostrongylus capricola Ransom, 1907 and Trichostrongylus vitrinus Looss, 1905, proved to be T. angistris. In this paper, T. angistris is compared with T. capricola and T. vitrinus and T. minor is redescribed.