STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HENDERSORNIA ACICOLA

ThediseasedyellowneedlesofPinusrylvestrisvar.mongoliaLitvinwerecollec-tCdinAershanForestBureau,theNeiMonggolAutonomousRegionandintheforestareasofHeilongiiangProvince.Theseneedleswereculturedundercertainrelativehumidityandtemperatureinroom,andconidiaandcirrhiwereproduced.ThefungiwasidentifiedasDeuteromycotina,Coelomycetes,Sphaeropsidales,Hender-sonia.Basedonthereport(Wehmeyer,l946),therearetwospeciesofHendersorniaonpinesandaccompaniedbyLoPhodermelIa.Thesetwofungicansup-presstheapotheci…     

Estimating aboveground biomass of Pinus densata-dominated forests using Landsat time series and permanent sample plot data

Southwest China is one of three major forest regions in China and plays an important role in carbon sequestration.Accurate estimations of changes in aboveground biomass are critical for understanding forest carbon cycling and promoting climate change mitigation.Southwest China is characterized by complex topographic features and forest canopy structures,complicating methods for mapping aboveground biomass and its dynamics.The integration of continuous Landsat images and national forest inventory data provides an alternative approach to develop a long-term monitoring program of forest aboveground biomass dynamics.This study explores the development of a methodological framework using historical national forest inventory plot data and Landsat TM timeseries images.This method was formulated by comparing two parametric methods:Linear Regression for Multiple Independent Variables(MLR),and Partial Least Square Regression(PLSR);and two nonparametric methods:Random Forest(RF)and Gradient Boost Regression Tree(GBRT)based on the state of forest aboveground biomass and change models.The methodological framework mapped Pinus densata aboveground biomass and its changes over time in Shangri-la,Yunnan,China.Landsat images and national forest inventory data were acquired for 1987,1992,1997,2002 and 2007.The results show that:(1)correlation and homogeneity texture measures were able to characterize forest canopy structures,aboveground biomass and its dynamics;(2)GBRT and RF predicted Pinus densata aboveground biomass and its changes better than PLSR and MLR;(3)GBRT was the most reliable approach in the estimation of aboveground biomass and its changes;and,(4)the aboveground biomass change models showed a promising improvement of prediction accuracy.This study indicates that the combination of GBRT state and change models developed using temporal Landsat and national forest inventory data provides the potential for developing a methodological framework for the long-term mapping and monitoring program of forest aboveground biomass and its changes in Southwest China.     

香蕉植株内生细菌群落的PCR-DGGE分析

以健康香蕉植株和感染香蕉枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense(FOC)后的香蕉植株的根茎叶组织为材料,提取样品中的总DNA,扩增细菌的16S rDNA的V3可变区,对扩增产物进行DGGE电泳分析,并对其中18条优势条带进行切胶回收、克隆测序和系统发育分析。结果表明,香蕉健株与病株各组织中所含内生细菌的种群丰富度为根部>假茎>叶片;感病植株组织内生细菌种类比健康植株丰富;BLAST结果为大部分克隆序列与已知细菌16SrDNA基因序列的同源性较高(94%~100%),分别归属于蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形杆菌门(Proteobacterium)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿菌门(Chlorobi)7大类群;其中一个序列同源性较低(91%),可能代表新的分类单元。     

城市寺庙园林解说系统构建研究——以福州市西禅寺为例

城市寺庙集宗教文化、传统文化、建筑文化和艺术文化等多元文化于一体,完善的解说系统对于内涵丰富的城市寺庙园林来说极为重要。文章采用问卷调查法、实地调查法、文献资料法等,以福州市西禅寺为例,对城市寺庙园林解说系统构建进行研究,总结出解说手段单一、解说内容不全等问题,提出增加僧人导游、佛教礼仪文化解说、二维码的利用等改进方案,以期改进现有的解说系统,发挥城市寺庙的教育功能和服务功能。     

筋骨草内昆虫蜕皮激素类似物对杨干象的杀虫作用

从不同地点、不同时间采集的多花筋骨草植株不同部位中提取出昆虫蜕皮激素类似物,通过向幼虫人工饲料中添加昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的方法,研究了筋骨草中植物源蜕皮激素对杨干象2龄幼虫的杀虫作用。实验结果表明:(1)在人工饲料中加入1-3 ml的筋骨草提取物,在24天内可以杀死 58%~100%的幼虫;(2)从开花前的筋骨草中提取出的物质的杀虫效果明显优于从花期和开花后的植物中提取出的物质的杀虫作用, 其1 mL、2 mL和3 mL剂量全株提取物的杀虫效果分别达到65.22%、85.07%和98.11%(幼虫校正死亡率);(3)植株的根部提取的昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的杀虫效果要比茎部或叶部提取的好,1 mL、2 mL、3 mL剂量提取物的杀虫效果分别达到100%、98.20%和98.32%;(4)筋骨草提取物的杀虫速度较慢,处理杨干象2龄幼虫16天后杀虫率才超过50%;(5)幼虫取食加有筋骨草提取物的饲料时间长短直接影响幼虫死亡率,16天的取食,幼虫死亡率达到80%以上。筋骨草采集地点和填加植物源蜕皮激素的方式对杀虫效果的影响较小。图3表3参21。     

6种白腐菌腐朽前后的山杨木材酚酸种类和含量变化的高效液相色谱分析

研究阔叶树上的6种木材白腐菌火木层孔菌、粗毛盖菌、偏肿拟栓菌、三色革裥菌、冬拟多孔菌和血红密孔菌对山杨材腐朽前后木材中游离酚酸种类和含量的变化情况.结果表明:受6种白腐菌腐朽后的山杨木材中酚酸的种类和含量各不相同,在山杨材被分解120 d后,偏肿拟栓菌、三色革裥菌、血红密孔菌和冬拟多孔菌的9种游离酚酸总含量远大于粗毛盖菌和火木层孔菌的9种游离酚酸总含量,表明前4种对木质素分解能力较强的菌种获得了较高含量的酚酸;但从9种游离酚酸总的含量上看,与各菌种对木材和木质素的分解百分率不尽相同,初步分析的原因表明在木质素被分解的过程中除了有这9种游离酚酸产生以外,可能还会产生其他的游离酚酸以及苯环二聚体、三聚体和各种寡聚体以及杂环的形式,所有这些苯环结构总体造成了对木质素分解百分率的差异. 对9种酚酸进行分析测试,只构成对木质素分解的一部分,不足以用来解释对木质素的全部分解能力,其他的酚酸和游离酚酸以外的苯环结构还有待进一步研究分析测试;从各种游离酚酸单个含量上看,各种白腐菌的种类和含量都各不相同,表明不同白腐菌对同一木质纤维基质的分解途径、中间降解产物各不相同.另外,未腐朽的木材中本身就含有一些微量的酚酸成分,这些酚酸在生物分解过程中会降解和转化成其他成分, 是否有可能转化成其他种类的酚酸还有待进一步证明.     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

杉木球果和种子发育节律的研究初报

杉木为我国南方主要造林树种,研究也较充分,但对球果和种子发育的研究比较薄弱。蒋恕(1980年)和华中农学院植物教研组(1975年)等从解剖学角度研究过杉木的受精过程。中国科学院林业土壤研究所(1973年)和唐午庆等(1964年)从物候学角度报告过杉木球果的大小和重量变化。我们则想从种子生产角度观察球果,特别是种子的发育过程,了解不同季节的种子品质变化,以便为最适采种期找到一些客观指标,并为种子园适时管理提供一些依据。     

“阳光规划”在规划管理信息系统中的实现

本系统不但涵盖城乡规划信息化中的规划编制、项目审批、批后管理、监督监控等核心内容,还结合了短信系统、会议系统、公文系统、辅助决策系统等多个办公自动化系统,有效的提高了城乡规划管理的科学化水平,为实现＂阳光规划＂及建设现代化文明城市起到了积极的促进作用。     

近50年中国东部林区最高气温序列

运用线性回归插补途径和RHtest方法分别对1961-2010年我国东部林区853个站点的日最高气温资料进行插补和均一化检验订正,建立完整且均一的日最高气温数据集.在此基础上,对比分析我国东部林区近50年来最高气温订正前后的变化特征.结果表明:订正后东部林区年及四季(春、夏、秋、冬)平均最高气温每10年分别增加0.171,0.233,-0.002,0.201和0.263℃,订正后整个区域年平均最高气温均呈上升趋势,而订正前有部分站点呈降温趋势;春、秋、冬3季平均最高气温在整个林区几乎全部呈现上升趋势,夏季东部林区多数站点呈降温趋势,尤其是长江和黄河流域之间的区域.