祁连山中部高山草甸土壤有机碳矿化及其影响因素研究

分析了室内培养土壤温湿度变化对祁连山海拔3500,3600,3700和3800 m处高寒草甸土壤有机碳矿化的影响。结果显示土壤有机碳累积矿化量及其比例为35℃下最高,土壤含水量为30%和40%下比10%和20%下高,0~15 cm土层比15~35 cm土层中高。土壤有机碳矿化速率及其占有机碳含量比例随培养时间延长而递减。土壤有机碳矿化速率及其比例为35℃下最高,土壤含水量为30%和40%下比10%和20%下高,0~15 cm土层比15~35 cm土层中高。一阶动态方程拟合土壤有机碳矿化动态效果较好。5℃下分解率系数和活性有机碳库较低。5℃升高到15℃,Q10为1~6,15℃升高到25℃,Q10为1~2。结果表明祁连山高寒草甸表层土壤有机碳分解受温湿度变化的影响较大。     

植酸酶在畜禽生产中的应用研究

植酸又名肌醇六磷酸,是一种抗营养因子。植酸在低pH条件下可与蛋白质分子的碱性基团结合,络合蛋白质,抑制胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶等消化酶的活性,降低蛋白质、淀粉及脂类等营养成分的消化利用率。同时,植酸也具有极强的螯合能力,能与钙、钾、锌、铁及铜等矿物质形成不溶性盐类,影响矿物质的吸收。     

添加番茄渣单贮和混贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响研究

研究番茄渣单贮或混贮替代部分全株玉米青贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响,为今后在奶牛科学养殖中开发和利用非常规饲料资源提供理论依据和技术支持。试验选择体重、泌乳期、胎次和产奶量相近且健康无疾病的30头泌乳前中期荷斯坦奶牛于内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区双河镇嘉益奶牛养殖合作社进行为期50 d的饲养试验。结果表明,番茄渣经过单贮或混贮(分别与梨渣、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆混贮)后用于奶牛日粮中替代部分全株玉米青贮,可有效的降低玉米青贮的使用,降低生产成本,显著提高乳蛋白率(P<0.05)、乳脂率(P<0.05)和奶牛产奶量(P<0.05),提高养殖效益。番茄渣单贮或混贮可提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益,并可作为一种非常规饲料资源在奶牛业中进行推广应用。     

养殖环境生物除氮脱氮技术研究进展

随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖环境中氮的污染问题日益严重。生物除氮脱氮技术由于具有无可比拟的优势而受到人们的重视,近年来无论在基础理论还是应用实践方面发展迅速。本文总结了水产养殖中该项技术的最新研究进展,并指出今后的研究方向和重点。     

基于生态足迹法的西部城市可持续发展评价——以宝鸡市为例

生态足迹法是一种评估区域可持续发展程度和度量维持人类的自然资源消费量的帐户工具,运用该方法对宝鸡市2004年生态足迹进行计算,结果表明该市人均生态足迹1.8887 hm2,生态承载力0.4627 hm2,生态赤字1.426 hm2;此外,对宝鸡市1995～2004年生态足迹进行了动态分析,反映出10年来宝鸡市的生态足迹超过了生态系统的承载力,城市生态系统所受压力偏大;最后提出了缓解宝鸡市城市生态压力的建议.     

黑龙江省水稻穗颈瘟人工接种技术研究

为建立水稻穗颈瘟准确的鉴定技术,在黑龙江省人工气候室完成发病条件鉴定试验,结合田间病圃完成接种条件鉴定试验.结果显示,在人工气候室内,自然光源下、环境温度26℃、相对湿度≥90％、水稻孕穗末期用5号或6号针头注射接种的鉴定效果最佳,供试水稻品种平均发病率为92.22％.在人工控制环境条件的前提下,试验点田间接种的效果也...     

Frequencies of the M918I mutation in the sodium channel of the diamondback moth in China, Thailand and Japan and its association with pyrethroid resistance

In addition to the allele frequencies of the L1014F and T929I mutations which are involved in nerve-insensitive resistance to a pyrethroid, those of the M918I mutation were examined using field strains obtained in China, Thailand, and Japan during 2009-2011. Results show that the resistance allele frequencies at the L1014F site were 89-100%, 97-100% and 65-85%, respectively, for strains in China, Thailand, and Japan. The respective allele frequencies at the T929I site were 86-100%, 70-97% and 58-84% for Chinese, Thai, and Japanese strains. With low frequencies up to 27%, M918I was found in Japan and China, but not in Thailand. The strain homozygous for the M918I and L1014F mutations was established and its resistance level to a pyrethroid was examined. The strain lacks a portion of the sodium channel gene corresponding to the 3′ portion of exon 18a, intron 18, and the 5′ portion of exon 18b. Nevertheless, the strain showed a similar level of resistance to that which was homozygous for the T929I and L1014F mutations.     

除草剂安全剂的作用机制研究进展

本文对国内外关于除草剂安全剂的作用机制研究情况进行了介绍,并对几种较为普遍认同的作用机制重点给予解释。     

Effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and carboxylesterase activity in Bemisia tabaci biotype B and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have become serious pests of cotton and vegetable crops in China since the early 1990s. In recent years, however, B. tabaci have broken out more frequently and widely than have T. vaporariorum. The B. tabaci biotype B has also developed higher resistance to several insecticides. Here, the effects of four different host plants on the insecticide susceptibility of B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum have been compared. The LC(50) values of imidacloprid, abamectin, deltamethrin and omethoate in T. vaporariorum reared on cucumber were significantly higher than those in B. tabaci (the LC(50) values in T. vaporariorum were respectively 3.13, 2.63, 2.78 and 6.67 times higher than those in B. tabaci). On the other hand, the B. tabaci population reared on cotton was more tolerant to all four insecticides tested than the T. vaporariorum population from the same host, especially to abamectin (up to 8.4-fold). The effects of the four host plants on the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE) in B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum were also compared. The results showed that, although the CarE activity of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum varied depending on the host plants, the B. tabaci population possessed significantly higher CarE activity than the T. vaporariorum population reared on the same host plant. This was especially so on cucumber and cotton, where the CarE activities of the B. tabaci population were over 1.6 times higher than those of T. varporariorum. The frequency profiles for this activity in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum populations reared on same host plant were apparently different.     

吡虫啉亚致死剂量对日本通草蛉实验种群生命表的影响

为评价吡虫啉对日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis(Okamoto)实验种群的亚致死效应,采用浸渍法处理日本通草蛉卵,测定了吡虫啉亚致死剂量LC_(10)、LC_(20)、LC_(30)对日本通草蛉生长发育、繁殖力和生命表参数的影响。结果表明,经吡虫啉亚致死剂量LC_(10)、LC_(20)、LC_(30)处理后,日本通草蛉幼虫发育历期和蛹期分别延长0.86~2.04 d和1.00~2.37 d,平均单头蛹重降低1.16~1.56 mg,羽化率降低6.13%~13.08%;雌虫产卵前期延长0.19~0.51 d,每雌平均产卵量减少17.75~51.64粒,寿命减少1.75~2.84 d;内禀增长力(r_m)、净繁殖率(R_0)和周限增长率(λ)均显著降低,平均世代历期(T)和种群加倍时间(D_t)均显著延长。研究表明,吡虫啉亚致死剂量对日本通草蛉种群的增长具有抑制作用。