2,4-滴微乳剂对外来入侵杂草薇甘菊的生物活性与防治效果研究

为了寻找防除薇甘菊的高效药剂,本研究测定了2,4-滴微乳对外来入侵杂草薇甘菊的生物活性和田间防治效果。通过测定抑制率求取抑制薇甘菊生长90%的有效剂量ED90,以覆盖度防效和鲜重防效为指标研究其田间防治效果。盆栽试验结果表明：喷施后30天,18% 2,4-滴微乳剂(ME)抑制薇甘菊茎叶生长的ED90值是制剂用量125.9 mL/667 m2,抑制地上部和根部鲜重的ED90分别为制剂用量99.3 mL/667 m2和141.3 mL/667m2。在田间条件下,喷药处理后15、30天,供试18% 2,4-滴ME制剂用量60~180 mL/667 m2处理时覆盖度防效均为90%以上,显著优于或相当于70%嘧磺隆WP制剂用量25 g/667 m2处理防效。处理后45天时,18%2,4-滴ME制剂用量120、180 mL/667 m2对薇甘菊的鲜重防效均在90%以上,与70%嘧磺隆WP制剂用量25 g/667 m2处理防效差异不显著。供试18% 2,4-滴ME对薇甘菊选择作用明显,具有“灭薇保草”的效果,适用于林地、非耕地和城市绿化地防治薇甘菊,有利于受薇甘菊破坏的生态环境的保护与恢复。     

城市功能区视角下的都市农区研究

为了科学规划城市农用地,有必要确立都市农区概念,研究都市农区的基本内涵、空间特征和地域类型。都市农区是指由城市空间内农用地构成的城市功能区,一般仅限于市辖区。相对理想化的都市农区的空间尺度大体上为200 hm²,宜以呈小集中大分散的空间形态融入城市功能组团。都市农区有城市化地区、准城市化地区、半城市化地区、浅城市化地区和城市生态敏感区5种地域类型。依据都市农区区位特征、资源禀赋与功能需求的差异性,合理配置依托城市、服务城市的多功能农业,是形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局对城市规划提出的重要新课题。     

Pattern analysis of genotype × environment interaction for striga resistance and grain yield in African sorghum trials

The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seriously limits sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in Sub-Saharan Africa. As an outbreeder, S. hermonthica is highly variable with an extraordinary capacity to adapt to different hosts and environments, thereby complicating resistance breeding. To study genotype x environment (G x E) interaction for striga resistance and grain yield, nine sorghum lines, 36 F₂ populations and five local checks were grown under striga infestation at two locations in both Mali and Kenya. Mean squares due to genotypes and G x E interaction were highly significant for both sorghum grain yield and area under striga severity progress curve(ASVPC, a measure of striga emergence and vigor throughout the season). For grain yield, the entry x location-within-country interaction explained most of the total G x E while for ASVPC, entry x country and entry x location-within-country interactions were equally important. Pattern analysis (classification and ordination techniques) was applied to the environment-standardized matrix of entry x environment means. The classification clearly distinguished Malian from Kenyan locations for ASVPC, but not for grain yield. Performance plots for different entry groups showed differing patterns of adaptation. The ordination biplot underlined the importance of entry x country interaction for ASVPC. The F₂ derived from the cross of the striga-resistant line Framida with the striga-tolerant cultivar Seredo was the superior entry for both grain yield and ASVPC, underlining the importance of combining resistance with tolerance in striga resistance breeding. The observed entry x country interaction for ASVPC may be due to the entries' different reactions to climatic conditions and putative differences in striga virulence in Mali and Kenya. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

北京城乡居民收入差距的结构性分析

为研究北京市城乡居民收入差距状况,对北京及全国城乡统筹发展提供依据。应用时间序列数据,对1990-2009年北京市城乡居民收入差距的演变进行分析,并运用基尼系数法,对北京市城乡居民收入差距进行了组间结构分析和分项结构分析。结果表明：1990-2009年间,北京城乡居民收入差距不断扩大,农村居民内部收入差距较显著,工资性收入和转移性收入对城乡居民收入差距影响较大。     

北京市猪肉市场行情变动规律的研究

本文通过对2002-2011年北京市八大批发市场猪肉市场行情数据进行分析,结果表明：北京市批发市场猪肉年度价格呈逐步上升趋势,大致以3.5年为一个波动周期;在年度内猪肉价格走势呈“一谷一峰”型;年度内上市量与价格基本呈反向关系。     

Cytogenetics and morphology of the pentaploid hybrid between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus and its progeny

A pentaploid hybrid plant (2n= 50, AACCO) between Brassica napus (AACC) and Orychophragmus violaceus (OO) showed matroclinous morphology and some patroclinous characters. Cloned progenies were mixoploid, consisting of various cells with 38–53 chromosomes, half of the cells with 50 chromosomes. The 50 chromosomes were mainly paired as 25 bivalents and segregated as 25:25 or 22:28; many other segregations were observed in some cells. Progenies produced by selfing had 38–47 chromosomes. Plants with 38 chromosomes were cytologically stable; in all other plants the chromosome number of individual cells varied between the genotype-specific maximum number and 38, indicating loss of chromosomes during mitosis. The mixoploid plants with 44 chromosomes mainly produced two kinds of mixoploid progenies with 44 and 41 chromosomes, respectively. All plants with 2n= 38 had the same morphology as the parental B. napus and were normal in fertility. These chromosome pairings and segregations in the pentaploid and its progeny support the hypothesis that O. violaceus is a natural polyploid species with a basic chromosome number of 3.     

软包装调味笋的研制

对软包装调味笋加工的色泽和口感进行研究。研究表明,用质量分数为0.005%的NaH SO3溶液预处理原料,用质量分数为0.1%的CaCl2溶液预煮杀青10m in,并用0.15%的醋酸浸泡30m in,焖煮时间控制在5m in,就能较好地保持新鲜笋的色泽,同时兼顾产品较高脆性和较好的滋味,达到良好口感的需要。     

Comparison of aluminium tolerance in the brassicas and related species

The aluminium tolerance of 31 varieties within 11 species in six genera of the Cruciferae was determined by measuring root length under aluminium stress. Variance analysis indicated highly significant differences of aluminium tolerance among the species compared. Raphanus sativus (2n= 18, RR) had the highest aluminium tolerance, followed by Brassica carinata (2n= 34, BBCC), Brassica oleracea (2n= 18°C) and Brassica napus (2n= 38, AACC), which had the C genome. There might be more than one gene for aluminium tolerance in the R and C genomes. Those species such as Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA), Brassica nigra (2n= 16, BB), Brassica juncea (2n= 36, AABB), Arabidopsis thaliana (2n= 10, arar), Sinapis alba (2n= 24, alal), Cheiranthus cheiri (2n= 12, chch) and Orychophragmus violaceus (2n= 24, OO) that did not include the R or C genome had lower aluminium tolerances. Transfer of aluminium tolerance from R. sativus into the cultivated brassicas seems possible by intergeneric hybridization and the production of addition, substitution or translocation lines.     

Influence of high molecular weight glutenin subunit substitution on rheological behaviour and bread-baking quality of near-isogenic lines developed from Chinese wheats

Three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat involving Glu‐B1 and Glu‐D1 alleles were used to study the genetic contribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) to gluten strength. The HMW‐GS composition of each NILs was determined by SDS‐PAGE. No significant differences were found in grain protein contents among the NILs. Gluten strength and dough‐mixing properties were measured by the Farinograph, the Extensograph, and SDS‐sedimentation (SDS‐SE). Results indicated that line 2, containing the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10 combination of subunits, had higher values for flour quality, dough rheological parameters, and bread‐baking quality when compared with lines 8 and 13. Line 8, containing Glu‐1B 7 + 9 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10, was better than line 13 with the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 10 combination. Some major parameters appeared significantly different. The presence of Glu‐1B 14 + 15 was associated with higher dough strength based on SDS‐SE volume and several rheological parameters when compared with Glu‐1B 7 + 9. Lines with subunit 10 at Glu‐D1 performed significantly worse than those with 5 + 10 in gluten index, SDS‐SE volume, Farinograph stability time, Extensograph area and bread‐baking quality.     

民事执行和解制度的现状及完善

我国的法律未能明确执行和解协议所应当具有的法律地位与效力,且在制度上欠缺救济手段,在事实上否认了和解协议的民事协议地位。这主要是由于某些基础理论界定的偏差及现行立法规定的失当。因此,本文从理论上对和解制度加以分析,以期对我国强制执行法的制定提供一点有益的建议。