Historic and current fire regimes in the Great Xing’an Mountains,northeastern China: Implications for long-term forest management

Understanding both historic and current fire regimes is indispensable to sustainable forest landscape management. In this paper, we use a spatially explicit landscape simulation model, LANDIS, to simulate historic and current fire regimes in the Great Xing’an Mountains, in northeastern China. We analyzed fire frequency, fire size, fire intensity, and spatial pattern of burnt patches. Our simulated results show that fire frequency under the current fire scenario is lower than under the historic fire scenario; total area burnt is larger with lower fire intensity under the historic fire scenario, and smaller with higher fire intensity under the current fire scenario. We also found most areas were burned by high intensity fires under the current fire scenario, but by low to moderate fires under the historic fire scenario. Burnt patches exhibit a different pattern between the two simulation scenarios. Large patches burnt by high intensity class fires dominate the landscape under the current fire scenario, and under historic fire scenario, patches burnt by low to moderate fire intensity fires have relatively larger size than those burnt by high intensity fires. Based on these simulated results, we suggest that prescribed burning or coarse woody debris reduction should be incorporated into forest management plans in this region, especially on north-facing slopes. Tree planting may be a better management option on these severely burned areas whereas prescribed burning after small area selective cutting, retaining dispersed seed trees, may be a sound forest management alternative in areas except for the severely burned patches.     

Using the LANDIS model to evaluate forest harvesting and planting strategies under possible warming climates in Northeastern China

The Small Khingan Mountains in northeastern China provide most of the timber and wood products in the country. Evaluating the long-term effects of harvesting and planting strategies is important especially as the climate changes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the projected climate warming on potential changes in species’ coverage (percent cover), area harvested (percentage of the study area) and species harvested, using the LANDIS model. Our evaluation was based on the harvest and planting plans specified in Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP). Our simulated results show that the coverage of southern species such as Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and ribbed birch (Betula costata) increases, whereas the coverage of northern species like larch (Larix gmelinii), Kingan fir (Abies nephrolepis), spruces (Picea koraiensis and P. jezoensis) and Dahur birch (Betula davurica) decreases under the warming climate in the region. The species harvested primarily consist of the southern species, especially deciduous species under the warming climate. The warming climate leads to 11.2% increase in area harvested compared to that under the current climate, when planting is not simulated. When planting is simulated, tradeoffs between planting and area harvested are complex. The area harvested only increases in places where moderate planting is implemented, and decreases in places with both low (≤5% area planted) and high (≥30%) planting percentage. This is because when the planting percentage is low, the rate of increase of harvestable species due to planting is lower than the rate of decrease of warming-declining species. When the planting percentage is high, the rate of increase of planted species is higher than the rate of colonization of warming-adapted deciduous species, and the planted species delay the establishment of the warming-adaptable species that have short harvest rotations (due to lower harvestable ages). Our results suggest that the management strategy with planting area of 20% is the best among all the scenarios simulated. Under this warming climate, moderate planting area (e.g. 20%) increases the area harvested to about 43%, which is still less than that (58%) designated in the NFPP. These results have important implications for forest managers designing sustainable forest harvest and reforestation strategies for the landscape under the warming climate.     

不同土地利用方式对湘中丘陵区土壤质量的影响

对湘中丘陵区7种典型土地利用方式(次生林、经济林、杉木人工林、苗圃地、坡耕地、采伐迹地、弃耕地)的表层(0～15 cm)土壤性状进行比较分析,筛选出土壤密度、pH值、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量作为土壤质量评价指标,运用土壤质量综合指数和土壤退化指数评价不同土地利用方式的土壤质量水平及退化程度.结果表明:7种不同土地利用方式之间,表层土壤密度、pH值、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均表现为差异显著;7种土地利用方式的土壤质量综合指数表现为次生林(95.35%)>经济林(73.83%)>采伐迹地(64.41%)>杉木人工林(62.61%)>弃耕地(56.30%)>坡耕地(27.35%)>苗圃地(4.84%),土壤退化指数表现为次生林(0)>经济林(-9.90%)>采伐迹地(-14.35%)>杉木人工林(-14.96%)>弃耕地(-22.22%)>坡耕地(-32.16%)>苗圃地(-40.44%),土壤退化指数与土壤质量综合指数评价结果一致,表明土壤退化指数和土壤质量综合指数均能有效地评价不同土地利用方式的土壤质量.     

普陀樟生物学特性与栽培技术

对浙江舟山海岛普陀樟资源进行全面调查及长期观察,较全面地分析和评价普陀樟的生物学和生态学特性.通过长期研究,建立了采种、种子处理、贮藏、播种、扦插、容器育苗、苗期管理及至造林一个完整的人工驯化栽培技术体系:种子适时湿砂层积催芽、幼苗期用遮阳网遮荫是保证播种育苗成功的关键;而扦插繁殖必须采集带踵主枝作插穗,并用100 mg·L-1 ABT1号生根粉溶液处理,采用自动间歇喷雾及遮阳网遮荫等措施;多次移栽可以培育园林大苗,6年生平均苗高280 cm,最高350 cm,平均胸径3.04 cm,最粗3.91 cm.容器育苗技术为海岛困难地造林开辟了一条新的途径,3年生容器苗造林成活率可达95%以上.     

基于核蛋白激酶基因内含子5序列研究雀形目18种鸟类分子系统发育关系(英文)

The 18 species of bird studied originally are known to belong to muscicapids, robins and sylviids of passerines, but some dis- putations are always present in their classification systems. In this experiment, phylogenetic relationships of 18 species of passerines were studied using Adenylate Kinase lntron 5 （AKS） sequences and DNA techniques. Through sequences analysis in comparison with each other, phylogenetic tree figures of 18 species of passerines were constructed using Neighbor-Joining （N J） and Maximum-Parsimony （MP） meth- ods . The results showed that sylviids should be listed as an independent family, while robins and flycatchers should be listed into Musci- capidae. Since the phylogenetic relationships between long-tailed tits and old world warblers are closer than that between long-tailed tits and parids, the long-tailed tits should be independent of paridae and be categorized into aegithalidae. Muscicapidae and Paridae are known to be two monophylitic families, but Sylviidae is not a monophyletic group. AK5 sequences had better efficacy in resolving close relationships of interspecies among intrageneric groups.     

陕西省湿地规划分区研究

湿地作为国民经济可持续发展的重要资源之一,其保护和合理利用已引起了全球的广泛关注.本文通过分析陕西省自然资源情况和湿地资源调查结果,对全省湿地进行规划分区,为陕西省湿地资源的保护、合理开发与工程规划提供参考依据.     

河道生态修复的前沿领域

在广泛查阅国内外河道生态修复与功能重建相关资料的基础上,对生态河道的特征与前沿领域进行了总结与分析,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了河道生态修复的努力方向。       

中国林产品国际贸易摩擦成因及对策分析

在分析中国林产品贸易摩擦的特点及其国内外成因的基础上, 提出和探讨了中国应对林产品贸易摩擦的政策措施。     

Effects of closing mountain for forest restoration in the watershed of Miyun reservoir,Beijing

The paper provides a systematical analysis of ecological restoration effects of natural secondary forest of closurearea in Chao Guanxi Gou, Miyun County, Beijing. The results indicate that through more than twenty years of hillclosing afforestation since 1983, canopy closure has improved almost by 0.2; forest cover rate has raised from 7.2% to 93.8%; biodiversity, tree biomass and vegetation community have increased to a great extent. Compared with the average canopy closure before hillclosing afforestation in this area, it has improved to over 0.4 in average and increased by 0.1-0.2. The forest coverage degree has reached more than 90%. Consequently, the forest plays more important roles in intercepting precipitation, improving water storage capacity of soil, decreasing the surface runoff, and preventing soil and water loss.     

四川桤木嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

研究表明 :桤木扦插育苗 ,穗条带顶芽或带 1片叶可显著提高穗条生根率 ,扦插时间则以 5月中旬～ 6月中旬和 9月上旬扦插生根率最高 ,GGR生根剂不同浓度处理后的穗条 (采穗母树 2 .5a生 )其生根率没有显著差异