Surgical outcome and ocular complications of evisceration and intraocular prosthesis implantation in dogs with end stage glaucoma: a review of 20 cases

Surgical outcome and complications following evisceration and implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) in 20 canine eyes with end-stage glaucoma were analyzed, including clinical signs, complications, cosmetic appearance, and owners' responses. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 312 days. Major short-term surgical complications were central corneal ulceration (6/20) and infections (3/20), while long-term complication was keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) (2/20). All patient owners (100%) showed satisfied with the surgical outcome and postoperative cosmetic effect including 85% of the owners gave an excellent or good rating of satisfaction. No more medication needed for long term control except the KCS cases. With careful case selection and post-operative care, evisceration with ISP implantation proves a good and safe surgical procedure with minimal complications for end stage glaucoma.     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

绿色荧光蛋白研究进展

来源于海洋多管水母属的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因是目前惟一在细胞内稳定表达,在蓝光或长紫外光的激发下,不需要任何反应底物及其他辅助因子就能发出绿色荧光的新型报告基因,无种属、组织和位置特异性,且能监测基因表达、信号转导、共转染、蛋白运输与定位,以及细胞系谱分类等。GFP对细胞无毒性,且检测方法简单,结果真实可靠,目前在多种原核和真核生物研究中得到广泛的应用。文章就GFP的生化特性、GFP的改进及其在分子生物学研究中的应用潜力进行简要阐述。     

植物精油在养蜂业中的应用前景

近年来,蜜蜂种群受到多种病敌害的威胁,世界蜂群数量急剧减少,严重影响养蜂业的健康持续发展。植物精油是植物体内的一类次生代谢物质,具有杀虫、抗菌等多种生物活性。相比于其他化学药物,精油具有安全、无污染、不易产生抗药性等优点,在蜜蜂疾病防治方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了植物精油在5种重要蜜蜂病害(蜂螨、美洲幼虫腐臭病、白垩病、曲霉病和蜜蜂微孢子虫病)防治方面的研究进展。     

侵染大豆和桑的烟草坏死病毒(TNV)的鉴定

本文主要是介绍农业部植检所和有关单位共同协作进行的应用技术方面的研究结果。杀虫效果方面:室内试验得出:对谷斑皮蠹成虫、幼虫、蛹,温度11～14℃,10克/m~3,处理24～48小时,效果100%。对谷斑皮蠹卵,温度11～14℃,15～50克/m~3,处理24小时,效果9.0～62.5%,50克/m~3处理48小时,40克/m~3处理72小时效果100%,温度20～22℃,40克/m~3处理24小时,15克/m~3处理48小时也100%死亡。对谷象、玉米象、绿豆象的卵,温度20℃,15克/m~3处理48小时效果100%。对胚后期的黑皮蠹、烟草坪,印度谷蛾幼虫、玉米象、谷蠹和绿豆象成虫的效果更好。室外粮垛上试验,粮温15～16℃,50～70克/m~3处理24小时,对玉米象和绿豆象各虫态的效果100%。中草药材垛上试验,温度27～28℃,30克/m~3处理二天,对黑皮蠹幼虫、玉米象各虫态以及锯谷盗成虫效果100%。真空熏蒸,真空度负745～720mmHg,温度12～20℃,70克/m~3处理3小时,对谷象和绿豆象卵的效果方能100%。熏蒸粮食残留量测定结果:20～70克/m~3熏蒸3天,小麦中氟残留量为0.55～1.48ppm,水稻中为0.29～2.48ppm,玉米中为0.09～1.51ppm。熏蒸粉类粮食残留量高。硫酰氟熏蒸粮、棉、油、蔬菜以及林木种籽,对发芽安全。粮食在熏蒸期间对硫酰氟的吸附量,以大豆和玉米为例,分别只有溴甲烷吸附量的36%,20.3%     

从尼日利亚进境的芋头中截获最短尾短体线虫

广东检验检疫技术中心植检实验室于2008年4月从尼日利亚进境的芋头中分离到数条短体线虫,经纯培养、形态观察、测量,以及对rDNA-ITS、D2D3区序列的扩增、克隆、测序分析,鉴定为最短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus(Godfrey,1929)Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven,1941)。该线虫在国内局部分布,属于检疫性线虫,在系统内首次截获。     

蒸散发观测研究进展及绿洲蒸散研究展望

蒸散发是绿洲水文循环中最重要的水文过程和生态过程之一,开展绿洲蒸散发研究是提高水资源利用的基础.从叶面、个体、田间到景观尺度,系统综述了国内外蒸散发观测研究的最新进展,结合荒漠绿洲的特点及研究现状,指出应加强:①涡度相关技术在异质性强的绿洲的应用技术研究;②如何分割蒸散发中植物蒸腾和土壤蒸发,以及时空动态、驱动机制和调...     

母犬的异常发情

受生理、营养、疾病、年龄等因素影响,母犬往往会异常发情。如不能及时发现,将会延误配种。现将母犬常见的几种异常发情的原因及防治措施介绍如下：     

规模化猪场疫病传入的外部风险因素指标体系的初探

据实际调查,运用层次分析法,将疫病传入的各外界风险因素指标划分为目标层、准则层和分准则层三个层次。采用EXCEL软件进行数据统计,依次编辑各层次结构模型,构建各层次的判断矩阵和一致性检验。结果表明：猪场的管理措施、生物安全、场址是疫病传入的主要风险因素。据此确立了I级指标和II级指标,从而构建疫病传入的风险因素指标体系。