狂犬病病毒糖蛋白转基因小鼠的构建研究

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ ＢｇｌⅡ（１．６７ｋｂ）片段正向插入ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ，用ＥｃｏＲⅠ＋ＳａｌⅠ对ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ进行双酶切后，回收含有狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ和绵羊ＭＴ启动子的２．７６ｋｂ片段，通过显微注射技术将该片段注入小鼠单细胞受精卵雄前核内，在进行胚胎移植后，获得４４只小鼠，经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及原位     

两种免疫增强制剂对早期断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响

选取28日龄断奶的三元[杜×(大×长)]杂交仔猪15头,平均初始体重为(5.22±0.89)kg,随机分为3组:活性卵白组、活性酵母组和对照组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组在相同的基础日粮中分别口服卵白制剂及酵母制剂,剂量为10 mL/只,连续服用10 d。应用红细胞C3b受体花环(Erythrocyte C3bR,E-C3bR)试验和红细胞免疫复合物花环(ErythrocyteICR,E-ICR)试验,探讨两种免疫增强制剂在服药不同时间对断乳仔猪红细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示,活性卵白组和活性酵母组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR在服药后第1周、第2周都极显著的高于对照组(P<0.01),并于第2周达最高值。服药后第3周活性卵白组的E-C3bRR和E-ICRR均维持在较高水平,与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);而活性酵母组呈现明显下降趋势,与对照组无明显差异。结果表明,活性卵白组较活性酵母组具有更加持续稳定的红细胞免疫促进功能。     

温度及预处理对苏丹草种子萌发的影响

本实验采用15～30℃和20～30℃2种变温,7℃、10℃、15℃和20℃4种恒温,以及0℃、5℃和10℃3种低温和硝酸钾预处理等技术,测定了苏丹草种子的萌发特性。结果表明:苏丹草种子室内最适萌发温度为20～30℃变温;预处理可破除种子休眠率达71.43～100％,并能提高幼苗的长度和简化活力指数,其中,以10℃低温预处理6天效果最好。建议苏丹草种了早春播种应以地温达15℃以上为宜。     

山东省外观健康羊群中检出羊边界病病毒

2014年从山东省外观健康的牛羊采集鼻拭子样品共707份,提取其RNA,用流感病毒特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测。对RT-PCR扩增的阳性产物进行序列测定,意外发现其中1份羊拭子样品含有羊边界病病毒,并且该结果得到其他试验验证。结合我国2012年首次在安徽和江苏两地检出该病毒,以及当前我国羊群流通情况,推测该病毒可能在我国有所存在。该调研结果对分析各类RT-PCR检测的假阳性产生原因,有参考意义。并提示RT-PCR检测结果难以作为疫病或感染病诊断的确切依据。其诊断结果有时需要用荧光探针或测序进行进一步鉴定。     

黄霉素、肉碱对草鱼生长性能、肌肉成分和血清生理生化指标的影响

将平均体重(134.3±12.1)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)分成3组,饲喂在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加8mg/kg黄霉素和200mg/kgDL-肉碱的饲粮,养殖8周后,各组鱼体增重率分别为156.29%、165.46%、167%,黄霉素、肉碱组较对照组提高了5.87%、6.85%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲料中添加黄霉素降低草鱼肌肉蛋白含量3.92%(P<0.05),提高血清丁酰胆碱酯酶活性43.49%(P<0.05),对草鱼血清非特异性免疫指标无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,添加肉碱组血清胆固醇含量降低11.54%(P<0.05)。     

畜牧学科遗传育种与动物营养学面上项目申请和资助情况分析

畜禽遗传育种学和动物营养学是国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部六处畜牧学科面上项目的重要组成部分,本文对2004—2007年畜牧学科面上项目中的遗传育种学、动物营养学和饲料资源学的申请和资助情况进行了总结,对申请和资助项目快速增长情况进行了分析,并针对2008年基金委资助格局发生变化的状况,建议项目申请者明确定位,撰写申请书时要在突出创新思想的基础上,以提出的科学问题为主线,阐明拟解决科学问题的方法和手段。本文旨在为从事该专业的科研人员申报科学基金提供参考。     

Localisation and expression of TRPV6 in all intestinal segments and kidney of laying hens

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the localisation and expression of the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel type 6) in different intestinal segments and kidney of laying hens during peak lay. 2. Immunohistochemical analysis of the intestine indicated that TRPV6 was localised to the brush-border membranes of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and rectum. Expression was weaker in the rectum, and little or no expression was found in crypt and goblet cells. In addition, TRPV6 mRNA was quantified amongst different intestinal segments, and expression was highest in the duodenum and jejunum. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that the duodenum expressed the greatest amount of TRPV6 and the rectum the least with the other segments expressing intermediate levels. 3. In the kidney, distinct immunopositive staining for TRPV6 was detected at the apical domain of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and medullary connecting tubules (CNT). Interestingly, distribution of TRPV6 extended to the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). Furthermore, the kidney expressed lower TRPV6 mRNA and protein levels compared with that in the duodenum. 4. In conclusion, the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6 is strongly expressed in the apical cells of the entire intestine and the renal tubules, suggesting that active Ca2+ transcellular transport plays a crucial role in dietary calcium (re)absorption in laying hens.     

融合表达猪圆环病毒2型ORF1和ORF2基因真核质粒的构建及对小鼠的免疫原性

用PCR法扩增出猪圆环病毒2型的Rep蛋白基因（933bp）和Cap蛋白基因（705bp）,将其定向克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）的多克隆位点上,构建真核表达质粒pcDNA-ORF1-ORF2。将构建好的重组质粒pcD-NA-ORF1-ORF2按100μg/只腿部肌肉注射BALB/c小白鼠,同时设pcDNA-ORF1、pcDNA-ORF2、pcDNA3.1-（＋）、PCV2全毒疫苗和PBS为对照,共免疫2次,间隔2周。分别于首免后第0、7、14、21、28、42天用MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖效应,用ELISA法检测小鼠的抗体水平;并于首免后第0、7、14、21、28天测定脾淋巴细胞中各细胞亚群的比例,对该核酸疫苗的免疫原性进行初步评价。结果显示,重组质粒能诱导鼠体产生较强的细胞免疫和体液免疫,并从免疫后第7天起所测各组数据均显著高于（P〈0.05）或极显著高于（P〈0.01）其他试验组。结果表明,将ORF1和ORF2基因共同用于PCV2核酸疫苗的研发具有很好的前景,为研究新型猪圆环病毒疫苗奠定了基础。     

Dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio and resistant starch content affects plasma glucose,lactic acid,hormone levels and protein synthesis in splanchnic tissues

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding different starch sources on piglets. Four diets were formulated with maize, brown rice, sticky rice and Hi‐Maize 1043 as starch sources, with resistant starch (RS) contents of 2.3%, 0.9%, 0.0%, 20.6%, and amylose and amylopectin ratio of 0.23%, 0.21%, 0.18%, 0.06% respectively. Fifty‐six pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to one of the four diets. In Exp. 1, six piglets in each group were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter. After 25 days of feeding trial, venous blood samples were obtained at time zero and every 1 h for 4 h. In Exp. 2, the remaining piglets were used to determine the effects of different starch sources on the fractional synthesis rate (FSR). The results indicated that feeding the Hi‐Maize 1043 diet decreased (p < 0.05) plasma contents of glucose, insulin, lactic acid and T₃, while sticky rice increased plasma contents of glucose and insulin. The insulin contents in piglets fed the sticky rice diet was 69.2 μIU/ml at 1 h post‐feeding which was highest among the starch diets. The FSR in the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in the corn group were much higher (p < 0.05) than that in the sticky rice group. These results suggest that RS is potentially beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity in young pigs and that the ratio of amylose and amylopectin have significantly effects on the FSR in splanchnic tissues in weaned piglets. Another finding of this study indicated maize with a ratio of amylose and amylopectin of 0.23 has the best starch sources for pig production.     

Canine uroliths. Analysis of data derived from 813 specimens

This article contains an analysis of data compiled from 813 specimens of canine uroliths submitted to the Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory at University of California School of Veterinary Medicine.