Einheimische Zecken als Überträger menschlicher Infektionskrankheiten

Zusammenfassung Es wird der Stand der Kenntnisse über die beiden von Zecken übertragenen menschlichen Infektionskrankheiten, FSME und Lyme, kurz dargestellt. Die Lyme-Krankheit ist erst jüngst als multi-systemischer Störungskomplex entdeckt worden, der u. a. dermale, neurologische und Herz-Veränderungen hervorrufen kann. Sie wird von Zecken, in Europa hauptsächlich vonIxodes ricinus, die mitBorrelia burgdorferi infiziert sind, übertragen. Für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland kann mit jährlich etwa 10000 Infektionen beim Menschen gerechnet werden. Die Lyme-Krankheit ist von der Sommer-Meningoenzephalitis zu unterscheiden, die ebenfalls von Zecken übertragen wird. Sie ist vor allem in Österreich und den südlichen Teilen der Bundesrepublik endemisch. Die frühen Stadien der Lyme-Krankheit können erfolgreich mit Antibiotika behandelt werden. Im Gegensatz zur Sommer-Meningoenzaphilitis ist bei Lyme eine vorbeugende Schutzimpfung derzeit noch nicht möglich.

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Native tics as transmittors of human infectious diseases

Lyme-Disease is a recently discovered multi-system disorder causing dermal, neurological, heart and joint lesions. It is transmitted by tic bites, in Europe chieflyIxodes ricinus infected withBorrelia burgdorferi. Yearly approximately 10,000 cases of diseased persons can be estimated for the Federal Republic of Germany. Lyme-Disease has to be distinguished from Early-Summer Meningoencephalitis which is caused by virus-carrying tics of the same species, and are endemic in the southern parts of Germany and Austria. In early stages Lyme-Disease can successfully be treated by antibiotics. Contrary to Early Summer Meningoencephalitis prophylactic vaccination is not yet possible.

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Mit einer Tabelle     

Computergestützter Schätzrahmen zur Ermittlung und Verminderung von Ammoniakemissionen nach Flüssigmistausbringung

Computerized simulation framework for evaluation and reduction of ammonia emissions after liquid manure application A computerized framework for estimation of ammonia emissions after application of liquid manure has been developed. For that, the significance of the factors dry matter content, net-irradiation, surface properties, kind of liquid manure (animal species), pH-value, application techniques and rates, and precipitation on the amount and time course of ammonia emissions were determined empirically. The Windows-framework estimates the amount of ammonia emissions after liquid manure application as well as allows to calculate the effectiveness of means of reducing emissions. Therefore, the framework is a valuable tool for agricultural practice to reduce ammonia emissions.     

Does the Intensity of Anisakis Infection Affect the Quality of Hake Muscle?

The distribution of Anisakis larvae in fresh caught hake was studied, and the influence of three infection levels of the viscera (low, medium, high) on quality changes of deep frozen muscle was followed over 220 days. Differences in quality were attributed more to the size of the individuals than to the infection degree of the three groups. The removal of belly flaps diminished the risk of consumers’ infection and sensitization as prevalence and intensity was reduced to 75.6 and 5.9%, respectively. Allergens were detected after 220 days frozen storage, which represents a risk for consumers already allergic to Anisakis.     

Distribution of immunoglobulin isotypes and Salmonella antibodies in blood serum and meat juice of pigs

Using the close linear regression between the logarithm of the dilution degree of a sample and the logarithm of the extinction measured in an ELISA both the relative concentrations of immunoglobulines of the isotypes IgG, IgM and IgA and of the LPS antibodies against S. Typhimurium of the different isotypes in blood sera and meat juice of 15 slaughtered pigs were detected and compared. Furthermore the total concentration of antibodies against LPS of S. Typhimurium according to the "meat juice ELISA" were compared. Distribution of immunoglobulines between serum and meat juice revealed individual differences between the animals as well as between the different immunoglobulin-isotypes. Within the same isotype the ratio of the concentrations of anti-LPS Salmonella Typhimurium antibodies between serum and meat juice was significantly closer than relating the whole of immunoglobulines of the referred isotype. In order to detect pig herds with a high level of Salmonella exposure a comparison of the 1:30 diluted meat juice samples with the 1:400 diluted blood sera is justified, however, for detailed epidemiological or scientific studies there is a need to consider the existing differences between the immunoglobuline-isotypes as well as between the specificity of antibodies and of total immunoglobulines. While the concentration of Salmonella antibodies of the isotypes IgG1, IgG2 and IgA showed a clear and statistically significant correlation between both one below the other and with the total amount of Salmonella antibodies, this connection could not be established for the total amount of immunoglobulines of different isotypes and the IgM-antibodies.     

Schmallenberg virus—Two years of experiences

In autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was discovered close to the German/Dutch border and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Since then, SBV has caused a large epidemic in European livestock. Like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup, SBV is transmitted by insect vectors. Adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. The current knowledge about the virus, its diagnosis, the spread of the epidemic, the impact and the possibilities for preventing infections with SBV is described and discussed.