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991.
Steven Alan Wakelin Guixin Chu Richard Lardner Yongchao Liang Mike McLaughlin 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(2):149-68
Long-term diversity-disturbance responses of soil bacterial communities to copper were determined from field-soils (Spalding; South Australia) exposed to Cu in doses ranging from 0 through to 4012 mg Cu kg−1 soil. Nearly 6 years after application of Cu, the structure of the total bacterial community showed change over the Cu gradient (PCR-DGGE profiling). 16S rRNA clone libraries, generated from unexposed and exposed (1003 mg Cu added kg−1 soil) treatments, had significantly different taxa composition. In particular, Acidobacteria were abundant in unexposed soil but were nearly absent from the Cu-exposed sample (P<0.05), which was dominated by Firmicute bacteria (P<0.05). Analysis of community profiles of Acidobacteria, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas showed significant changes in structural composition with increasing soil Cu. The diversity (Simpsons index) of the Acidobacteria community was more sensitive to increasing concentrations of CaCl-extractable soil Cu (CuExt) than other groups, with decline in diversity occurring at 0.13 CuExt mg kg−1 soil. In contrast, diversity in the Bacillus community increased until 10.4 CuExt mg kg−1 soil, showing that this group was 2 orders of magnitude more resistant to Cu than Acidobacteria. Sphingomonas was the most resistant to Cu; however, this group along with Pseudomonas represented only a small percentage of total soil bacteria. Changes in bacterial community structure, but not diversity, were concomitant with a decrease in catabolic function (BioLog). Reduction in function followed a dose-response pattern with CuExt levels (R2=0.86). The EC50 for functional loss was 0.21 CuExt mg kg−1 soil, which coincided with loss of Acidobacteria diversity. The microbial responses were confirmed as being due to Cu and not shifts in soil pH (from use of CuSO4) as parallel Zn-based field plots (ZnSO4) were dissimilar. Changes in the diversity of most bacterial groups with soil Cu followed a unimodal response - i.e. diversity initially increased with Cu addition until a critical value was reached, whereupon it sharply decreased. These responses are indicative of the intermediate-disturbance-hypothesis, a macroecological theory that has not been widely tested in environmental microbial ecosystems. 相似文献
992.
植物功能性状是连接植物与外界环境的重要桥梁,其在不同环境梯度下的变化表现出了对异质环境的适应机制。本文以敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区克隆植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,设置了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个梯度样地,研究环境异质条件下芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应。结果表明:①
各环境梯度下,芦苇叶功能性状特征变化显著(P<0.05),叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重随环境梯度退化呈下降趋势,比叶面积随梯度退化呈上升趋势;②
芦苇各叶功能性状间呈协同变化的特征,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),比叶面积与叶长、叶干重呈显著负相关(P<0.05);③ 叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重与土壤表层(0~30 cm)、中层(30~60 cm)水分呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与土壤表层、中层含盐量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明土壤表层与中层的水分与盐分是芦苇叶功能性状最主要的驱动力。研究结果对干旱区内陆河湿地的保护、生态恢复及管理具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
993.
猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的高度传染性、接触性疾病,遍布世界各地,是严重危害养猪业的重要传染病之一。文章通过收集、整理和分析多种来源的猪瘟发病数据和相关文献资料,对猪瘟在国内外流行历史情况和现状进行介绍。 相似文献
994.
无锡市锡东新区水系规划对解决地块开发与水系保护矛盾具有重要意义.本文从水系规划思路、骨干水网构建、规划断面标准、河道功能定位四个方面对锡东新区水系规划中的关键要点进行分析研究,给出相关规划依据、设定规划参数、确立规划方案,可为类似商务区水系规划提供借鉴. 相似文献
995.
针对经典的K-means算法在多维数据聚类效率上还有待提高的问题,本文提出一种称为CK-means的改进聚类算法。该算法在k-means算法的基础上,通过引入Kd树空间数据结构,初始聚类中心从多维数据某一维的区间等间隔集中选取,以及在数据对象分配过程中采用剪枝策略来提高算法的运行效率。实验结果表明,CK-means聚类算法较经典的k-means聚类算法运行效率更高。 相似文献
996.
High-tillering dwarf mutant gsor23 was generated from an indica rice variety Indica9 radiatied by γ-ray. Genetic analysis showed that this phenotype was controlled by one single recessive gene, which was mapped within a physical distance of 386 kb between two insertion-deletion (InDel) markers C1-WT2 and C1-WT4 on the long arm of chromosome 1. There is a known gene D10 within this region, the mutation of which causes high-tillering in rice. Sequence analysis of the D10 allele in gsor23 revealed that the base cytosine (C) at the 404th position in the coding region was deleted, which would cause frameshift mutation after the 134th amino acids. The mutation site and indica background of gsor23 were different from the previously reported japonica mutants d10-1 and d10-2. Therefore, gsor23 is a novel allelic mutant of D10 which encodes the carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase 8 (CCD8), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the new plant hormone strigolactones (SLs). After treatment with GR24, a synthetic analogue of SLs, the high-tillering phenotype of gsor23 was restored to normal. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that D10 expression was high in roots, but low in leaves. Compared with the wild type Indica9, the expression of the SL biosynthesis gene D10 was upregulated, while genes likely involved in the SL signal transduction pathway such as D3 and D14 were down-regulated in the gsor23 mutant. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
桥跨结构横向分布系数计算法是本文着重提出的。弹性支承连续梁修正法是考虑了桥跨结构的抗扭刚度,使计算结果更加准确。作者推导出修正系数公式。 相似文献
1000.
通过引入成本—收益理论,对社会医疗保险制度中的欺诈问题进行研究,比较该制度中各参与主体的成本、收益构成,分析各影响因子对欺诈与反欺诈行为的影响,研究表明:欺诈与反欺诈行为受行为成本、行为收益大小的制约,且有其相应的约束条件。在此基础上,提出了相应的反欺诈对策。 相似文献