油气弹簧力学特性仿真

提出了针对油气弹簧力学特性研究的一种力学模型,根据分段线性速度特性的计算方法,运用薄板力学和流体力学基础理论,分别对开阀点和最大开阀点处的缝隙宽度、阀片预变形量以及限位挡圈等阻尼阀结构参数进行了设计,并通过修正的理想气体状态方程对油气弹簧弹性力进行了推导。通过台架性能试验与建模的仿真数据比较,验证了设计方法的正确性,最后编程分析了不同缸体和特性参数对油气弹簧速度特性的影响规律,为研究减振装置的内特性提供了参考依据。     

台湾桤木采穗圃建立及扦插繁殖技术研究

经过2a多对台湾桤木采穗圃的建立和管理及扦插试验研究,结果表明：（1）0．5a生优树建立的采穗圃第2a的株采穗量达71条;（2）400mg·L^-1GGR6号生根粉水溶液浸泡的插穗生根率最高,达96．5％,清水处理的穗条效果最差,生根率为67．6％;（3）一年中插穗在6月、9月扦插效果最好,成活率分别可达96．67％、97．35％;（4）插穗摘除1／3叶片扦插效果最好,生根率迭96．3％;（5）母树上部穗条扦插效果最佳,成活率可达97％;（6）台湾桤木插穗以皮部生根为主,属于皮部和愈伤组织混合生根型,夏季扦插60d后成活穗条皮部生根的占83．33％。     

西瓜嫁接砧木资源及其杂交组合枯萎病抗性鉴定

为了筛选西瓜枯萎病抗性砧木材料,对近年来收集整理的部分西瓜亲本材料及选配的砧木组合进行苗期枯萎病抗性人工接种鉴定。以国际上公认的5个西瓜枯萎病鉴别寄主材料(‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’)以及选配的49份西瓜砧木资源为试材,采用尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)孢子悬浮液人工接种法,鉴定试验所用的西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种和砧木材料的枯萎病抗性。结果表明:鉴别寄主‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’的病情指数分别达85.2、53.0、27.2、19.2和7.8,抗性级别分别为感病、轻抗、中抗和抗病;49份西瓜砧木材料中,筛选出对Race 1表现抗病的材料有10份,占总供试材料的20.4%,中抗材料29份,占59.2%,轻抗材料10份,占20.4%,不存在免疫和完全感病的材料。确认该试验所用尖孢镰刀菌为生理小种1,筛选确定了高抗西瓜枯萎病的4份亲本材料588、893、BEH和FR328,6份杂交材料威砧101、Be-3×893、(BEH-15×Sugarlee)×893、(BEH1-15×Sugarlee)×341、(BEH1-15×AW2-1)×341和(BYH-1×Sugarlee)×893,可为设施西瓜生产提供优良的嫁接砧木资源。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel charring agent and its application in intumescent flame retardant polyethylene system

A novel charring agent poly(pentaerythritol spirocyclic phosphorusoxy spirocyclic diethanolamine borate) (PPSPSDB) was synthesized successfully with diethanolamine borate (DEAB) and spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride (SPDPC), which was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to endow linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with flame retardance. The structure of PPSPSDB was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The study of thermal stability of various LLDPE composites showed that PPSPSDB/APP system could effectively improve the thermal degradation and thermal-oxidative stability of the char residues, and PE3 containing 30 wt% APP/ PPSPSDB with a 2 weight ratio left the highest amount of char residue at 800 oC. The results of flammability revealed that PE3 had the best combination property; the limited oxygen index value was 29.6, and vertical burning reached UL-94 V-0 rating, and the tensile strength and notched impact strength were 11.853 MPa and 28.8 kJ/m2 respectively. The investigation of structure and morphology of char residue indicated that the compact foaming char layer, as a good barrier against the transmission of heat and volatiles, was formed for PE3 during combustion.     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine Sponges of the Genus Oceanapia: Chemistry and Biological Activities

In this review, we summarized the distribution of the chemically investigated Oceanapia sponges, including the isolation and biological activities of their secondary metabolites, covering the literature from the first report in 1989 to July 2019. There have been 110 compounds reported during this period, including 59 alkaloids, 33 lipids, 14 sterols and 4 miscellaneous compounds. Besides their unique structures, they exhibited promising bioactivities ranging from insecticidal to antibacterial. Their complex structural characteristics and diverse biological properties have attracted a great deal of attention from chemists and pharmaceuticals seeking to perform their applications in the treatment of disease.     

福建白水栀鲜花香气的GC/MS分析

采用活体植株动态顶空套袋采集法和TCT-GC/MS联用分析技术,采集分析了白水栀鲜花的香气成分,共鉴定出21种化合物,香气成分主要为(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯(占67.02%)、苯甲酸甲酯(占14.20%)、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(占10.49%)。     

临界温度下循环喷油量对柴油机冷起动和排放特性的影响

为探明循环喷油量对小型农用柴油机冷起动特性和排放性能的影响规律,同时寻求其临界温度下的最佳循环喷油量,该研究以一款直列双缸高压共轨柴油发动机为研究对象,利用环境模拟舱整机试验平台,通过多次预试验测得海拔2000 m下,该机不开启预热装置能够成功起动的临界温度为-5 ℃。在此工况下,采用3次喷射方式,通过改变主喷油量研究循环喷油量对该机冷起动特性和排放性能的影响。结果表明：较大或较小的循环喷油量均会导致柴油机冷起动时间增加,甚至起动失败;随着循环喷油量增大,冷起动时间先减小后增加,循环喷油量为20 mg时冷起动时间最短,且HC、CO排放峰值均最低,分别为12984和3008 mg/L;增大或减少循环喷油量均会导致HC和CO排放峰值增加。循环喷油量较大时,CO排放峰值显著增加,并且峰值出现时刻提前。改变循环喷油量对NOx排放峰值有较大影响,循环喷油量为30 mg时NOx排放峰值最小,为368 mg/L。综合考虑,海拔高度2 000 m,环境温度-5 ℃工况下该柴油机起动的最佳循环喷油量为20 mg。研究结果可为柴油机冷起动特性和排放优化提供支撑。     

广西青贮玉米生产的优势、问题及建议

发展青贮玉米对畜牧业发展具有积极的作用。通过实地调研和查阅有关资料发现,广西青贮玉米生产具有政策层面、生态环境、市场需求、优质饲料缺口大、效率高、品质好等方面的优势,但广西青贮玉米生产也存在缺乏优质专用型青贮玉米品种、技术落后、生产及收获加工机械化程度低和效率低等问题。广西要立足资源优势,用好用足各类支持和鼓励政策,制定适宜本地青贮玉米发展的具体措施,积极开展青贮玉米优质专用型新品种的选育和审定等科研联合攻关,推广应用青贮玉米新品种,强化青贮玉米种植生产的技术培训和展示观摩,提高青贮玉米生产的规模化和机械化水平,大力发展青贮玉米,促进畜牧业健康发展。     

人口发展与城市化水平预测——以乌兰察布市为例

科学预测人口城市化水平,对相关政策的制定、制度的改革、城市配套设施的建设以及解决就业问题都具有重要意义。本文以乌兰察布市为例,对地区总人口进行预测的基础之上,运用劳动力结构模型、劳动力地域转移模型等多种数学模型,预测了城镇人口城市化水平和非农业人口的城市化水平。最后,选取与城市化相关的七项指标,对城市化水平进行了综合预测。