犬产前我们做什么

想知道为迎接仔犬降生我们该做些什么吗?这是一个棘手问题,因为它取决于我们养的是玩具贵妇犬还是布鲁马士提夫。但不管怎样,以下提示还是适用于大部分犬种。     

Skin and coat traits in sheep in Brazil and their relation with heat tolerance

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare physical parameters in groups of sheep with different phenotypic characteristics in the Centre-west region of Brazil. Five groups of sheep, with nine animals per group, were selected, three groups of Santa Inês animals with different coat colours (white, brown and black), one group with crossbred animals (Santa Inês × Bergamasca) and one group with animals of the Bergamasca breed. The following traits were evaluated: coat thickness, number and length of hair, pigmentation level in the coat and the skin as well as the percentage area of sweats glands in the skin tissue, carried out by histological analysis. The number of hairs and the area of sweats glands were not significantly different between the evaluated groups. The Bergamasca breed showed low pigmentation of the skin and long hairs. The levels of pigmentation of the hair and of the skin were highly correlated. Between the Santa Inês groups, the group with white hair showed the better parameters for heat adaptation, while the brown hair group showed the lower heat adaptation when compared with another hair breed groups.     

Effect of different housing systems on fattening performance,slaughter and carcass characteristics of Akkeçi (White Goat) male kids

The aim of this study was to determine the fattening performance and the slaughter and carcass characteristics of Akkeçi (Saanen × Kilis (B₁) crossbred) male kids raised in individual crates (IC) or in group pen housing (GP). In both GP and IC groups, total 13 heads of male kids, whose initial body weights were 21.43 ± 1.03 kg and 20.61 ± 0.98 kg, respectively, evaluated for their fattening performances. After 56 days of the fattening period, the final body weights and average daily weight gains of the GP and IC kids were recorded as 30.84 ± 0.82 kg and 25.84 ± 0.76 kg; 182.42 ± 14.77 g and 92.09 ± 13.76 g, respectively (P < 0.001). Adrenal gland weights of the GP and IC groups were similar as 1.66 ± 0.25 g and 1.77 ± 0.22 g, respectively. Although, the carcass conformation of kids was similar between groups, there were significant differences between GP and IC groups for some slaughter and carcass characteristics. In general, although housing kids reared in individual crates provides opportunity to individually feed and monitor a kid, the results obtained from the individual crates in the present study were not satisfactorily from the ethological and production points of view.     

Morphology and changes of chloride cell of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rutilus rutilus Caspicus</Emphasis> (Cyprinidea,teleost) in Caspian sea

An ultrastructural study was performed on chloride cells of euryhaline R.r.Caspicus of south of Caspian Sea. The chloride cells are distributed in the interlamellar region of filaments. They are oval to elongated form with an apical positioned nucleus, expanded tubular system and heteromorphic mitochondria. These cells are surrounded by pavement cell and accessory cell. A small and depressed surface formed by pavement cells is in contact with the aquatic milieu. There is also channel system in accessory cells. One of the typical features was the important changes in microtubules and mitochondria of chloride cells in some fishes. Swelling and rupture of cristae and degeneration of microtubules were from these changes.     

苜蓿自毒性的研究进展及其前景

从苜蓿自毒性的发现及概念入手 ,对苜蓿不同部分的自体毒素含量、不同土壤结构对自毒性的表现、不同的品种自体毒素含量的研究、自体毒素化合物对其它各类杂草或对作物的影响、苜蓿自毒性的可能物质基础、克服苜蓿自毒性的主要方法和途径等进行了论述。并展望未来可开展的研究领域以及我国开展相关研究的意义。     

武威地区天然草地有毒植物及其防除

对武威地区天然草地有毒植物的种类，分布及其对草地的危害情况进行了调查研究，结果表明，全区天然草地共有毒植物１７２号，分属３１科８４属，平均２．１５种／ｍ＾２，盖度达４．４１％地上部分生物量１１．２８ｇ／ｍ＾２。对草地危害的主要黄花棘豆，甘肃棘豆，小花棘豆，狼毒和马草，受侵害的草地主要是山地草甸和山地草原，通过分析，提出了有毒植物防除和利用的建议。     

Immunogenicity of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus proteins encapsulated in nanoparticle vaccines,following intranasal administration to mice

Stimulation of long lasting, protective immunity to respiratory viruses is often difficult to achieve with conventional respiratory vaccines. Polymeric nanoparticles, incorporating viral proteins have been shown to offer sustained release of antigen, with consequent prolongued stimulation of the respiratory immune system. In this paper the efficacy of two nanoparticle vaccines (poly-lactide-co-glycolide, PLGA; polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), incorporating proteins of bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPI-3) was investigated. As a preliminary to experiments in calves, it was considered essential to demonstrate immunogenicity of the experimental vaccine in mice. Mice immunised with PLGA nanoparticles, containing BPI-3 proteins, developed higher levels of virus-specific antibody than mice immunised with the PMMA vaccine or with soluble viral proteins alone. Immunoblotting using serum from the vaccinated mice, demonstrated strong reactions against the major BPI-3 proteins.     

联合国探雷犬使用指南

(IMAS09.40,2003-01-01第1次出版)前言国际人道主义排雷程序标准是于1996年7月在丹麦的一个专题研讨会上提出的,会上提出了排除各种地雷的标准,并通过研讨修订后颁布了标准。至同年年底,在丹麦通过的标准最后发展成由联合国领导工作组颁布的国际人道主义排雷操作标准。此标准由     

Evaluation of two Indian native chicken breeds for reproduction traits and heritability of juvenile growth traits

The present study was conducted to evaluate two Indian native chicken breeds, namely, Aseel and Kadaknath for fertility, hatchability, genetic parameters of juvenile growth traits, and semen quality traits at the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility was similar in Aseel (86.96%) and Kadaknath (85.15%); however, a relatively higher hatchability was observed in Kadaknath (77.94%) than Aseel (70.74%). Heritability estimates of body weights at 4 weeks of age were almost similar in Aseel (0.37) and Kadaknath (0.39), while the estimate of body weight at 6 weeks of age was higher in Aseel (0.42) than Kadaknath (0.31). The heritability estimate of shank length at 6 weeks of age was lower in Aseel (0.16) compared to Kadaknath (0.35). The age at first egg in the flock was comparable in Aseel (148 days) and Kadaknath (150 days). Aseel breed with significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher body weight, absolute and relative testes weights had significantly higher semen volume (P ≤ 0.05) and sperm motility (P ≤ 0.01) but had lower seminal plasma cholesterol level (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to Kadaknath. It can be concluded that there is a scope for genetic improvement of these two native breeds for juvenile growth traits since heritability estimates of these traits were relatively high.     

Length of productive life of sows in four pig farms in the tropics of Mexico

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of some factors on the length of productive life (LPL), the number of parities (NP), and the culling interval (CI) of sows. The information from 2003 to 2009 of 3,746 sows with LPL and NP records and 5,819 sows with CI records from the four farms of Yucatan, Mexico was used. LPL was defined as the number of days between the first farrowing and culling or death and CI as the number of days between the last farrowing and culling. To determine the effects of farm, litter size at first farrowing (LSF1) and age at first farrowing (AF1) on LPL and NP, and of farm, LSF1 and culling reason on CI general linear models were used. Means and standard errors for LPL, NP, and CI were 496.4 ± 8.42 days, 3.35 ± 0.04 parities, and 48.3 ± 0.52 days, respectively. All factors had significant effects (P < 0.05) on LPL, NP, and CI. The sows from farm 2 stayed longer (806.0 days) and had more parities (5.25) than the sows from the other farms. Sows with the smallest litters (≤8 piglets) at first farrowing stayed the least time in the farm (675.1 days) and had the fewest parities (4.49). Gilts farrowing the first time before 331 days of age stayed longer time in the farm (726.4 days) and had more parities (4.81) in comparison with 331–348 and more than 348 days age groups. With respect to CI, the sows in farm 3 stayed the longest time in the farm. Sows with more than five parities were culled sooner after their last farrowing. In conclusion, differences between farms for LPL, PN, and CI were found. Females that farrowed at a short age and those with large litters stayed longer in the herd. Old sows and those culled for reproductive reasons stayed the least time in the herd after their last farrowing.