高剪切复杂流动中的液滴分散浅析

研究高剪切复杂流动中的液滴分散过程及其应用于高压均质机的均质阀设计,考察均质效果。先从物理方程上分析,然后通过建模来验证理论分析的结果。采用UG建模,导入fluent软件进行模拟,改变流道数目、操作压力,以及进口速度,通过流场的流线分析,考察工艺条件的改变对最终均质效果的影响,为新型高压均质机的均质阀设计提供依据。     

艾纳香内生真菌抗细菌和炭疽菌的活性研究

为获得丰富的艾纳香内生真菌资源,筛选出抗性生防菌株,用于活性次生代谢产物的发现,通过水琼脂法对海南产艾纳香进行内生真菌分离,通过ITS序列分析,对其进行鉴定和分析。采用滤纸片法评价内生真菌发酵产物对细菌的抑制活性,采用平板对峙培养法评价艾纳香内生真菌对植物炭疽菌的拮抗作用。本研究共分离鉴定出191株内生真菌,分属于27属,45种,其中优势菌属为Diaporthe、Paraphoma、Ectophoma、Penicillium、Talaromyces、Hypoxylon、Phomopsis、Colletotrichum和Fusarium。抗细菌活性结果显示,Clonostachys、Fusarium和Diapothe属活性较强。抗炭疽病菌试验显示,Talaromyces、Ectophoma和Penicillium属活性较强。本研究初步探讨了海南产艾纳香内生真菌种类的多样性,并首次对其进行了抗病原菌活性筛查,获得的活性菌株可作为微生物源菌剂开发的重要材料。     

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.