Comparison of population estimators and indices for monitoring house mice in sorghum crops

House mice (Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz & Schwarz, 1943) are monitored in Australia and China to track changes in mouse population densities and forecast their potential damage to cereal crops. The present study compared population indices based on the number of different mice caught and overall trap success from live-trapping with an oil card index (OC) and a tracking index (T) for monitoring mice in sorghum crops immediately before crop maturation. T was measured as the percentage of track board covered with mouse footprints night⁻¹, and OC as the percentage of card removed by mice night⁻¹. The reliability of these abundance indices was quantified by Pearson correlation coefficient with the trappable population size (Ñ), which was estimated by capture–recapture over eight consecutive nights on 175 × 5 trapping grids, in sorghum crops on two properties on the Darling Downs, Queensland. Because of differences among individual mice in capture probability, Model M_h of program MARK was used to account for such heterogeneity and to estimate the size of each mouse population. The number of individual animals caught was more strongly correlated with Ñ than trap success and, therefore, might be a more reliable index; the data suggest that three trapping occasions provide optimal precision for this index. T correlated significantly with Ñ only at sites where the canopy of sorghum plants was closed, and its use should, therefore, be restricted to this habitat. OC did not correlate with Ñ because none or very little of the cards was eaten at low to moderate mouse densities. T and the number of animals caught over three trapping nights are recommended for monitoring mice in sorghum crops immediately prior to crop maturation.     

青稞胆碱单加氧酶基因cDNA全长开放阅读框克隆及序列分析

甜菜碱是一种存在于多种生物体内的季胺类高效渗透调节剂,是由甜菜碱合成酶系催化的。为了研究甜菜碱合成酶系基因的表达和青稞高抗逆性之间的关系,我们以经200mmol/L NaCl预处理72h的青稞幼苗叶片及根中提取的总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR技术,扩增得到全长1224bp,推测编码407个氨基酸残基的青稞胆碱单加氧酶(choline monooxygenase,cmo)基因cDNA全长开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),将其命名为hvcmo1并在GenBank中注册,获得登录号为GU810840。生物信息学分析表明,推定的氨基酸序列中含有与已报道高等植物胆碱单加氧酶氨基酸序列中的Rieske型铁硫簇结合区和单核铁结合基序等特征性结构域具有高度保守性的特征性结构域。与多种高等植物cmo基因进行序列同源性比对分析结果显示:hvcmo1的核苷酸序列与甜菜、盐角草、菠菜、辽宁碱蓬、拟南芥、玉米、水稻、高粱、羊草和大麦等植物的cmo mRNA编码区相似性分别为55.3%、55.4%、55.6%、5.9%、61.3%、82.6%、83.3%、83.4%、95.5%和99.5%。实验过程中,我们发...     

Manufacturing of LVL using cost-effective resin impregnation and layup technologies

The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effective method to manufacture high-performance laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from mountain pine beetle (MPB)-affected veneers through partial resin impregnation and optimum board layup. Dry MPB-affected veneer sheets were segregated into two stress grades based on dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE). A new phenol formaldehyde resin with a 30% solids content was formulated for resin impregnation. To reduce resin consumption, only veneer sheets used as outer layers were dipped in the resin for 5?min and then dried to manufacture 13-ply LVL. The bending properties, shear strength and dimensional stability of these LVL billets were examined and compared to those from the controls made from entirely untreated veneers. The results demonstrated that high-grade (E1) MPB-affected veneers had lower resin solids uptake than low-grade (E2) counterparts based on a 5?min dipping. Compared with the controls, the LVL billets made from resin-impregnated veneers for outer layers yielded increased surface hardness, significantly improved dimensional stability, shear strength and modulus of rupture on both edgewise and flatwise as well as better appearance with no cosmetic concerns. However, the improvement in LVL bending MOE was dependent on initial veneer stress grade. For high-grade (or density) E1 veneers, the use of impregnated veneers resulted in insignificant improvement in bending MOE. The optimum product layup was to place one ply of impregnated E1 grade veneer each for product face and back. By contrast, for low-grade (or density) E2 veneers, the use of impregnated veneers yielded a significantly higher flatwise bending MOE compared to the controls. The recommended product layup was the placement of two plies of impregnated E2 grade veneer sheets each for product face and back.     

一种用于水稻点突变检测的PCR引物设计方法

介绍了一种用于水稻点突变检测的PCR引物设计方法。利用该方法根据12个候选基因序列设计了12对引物,其中10对引物可以正常工作,能从基因组中扩增出特异性条带,合格率为83%,并且成功地在突变体中检测到点突变。这一方法不仅可以用于水稻,也可以用于其他动植物。同时,对引物设计过程中常见问题进行了讨论并给出了解决办法。     

进境百合种球病毒不同检测方法初析

我国大量进口的百合种球易携带多种检疫性病毒及限定性有害生物,进境口岸实验室对百合种球病毒的检测尤为重要.以百合无症病毒(Lily symptomless virus,LSV)为对象,分别采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附(DAS-ELISA)及反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法进行检测,根据过程与结果,初步分析不同检测方法的特点...     

Suitable dietary chitosan improves the growth performance,survival and immune function of tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon

Different levels of dietary chitosan on growth performance, survival and stress tolerance to air exposure was studied in tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Shrimp (mean initial wet weight about 1.16 g) were fed with six different diets (C0, C0.05, C0.1, C0.2, C0.3 and C0.4) containing six level of chitosan (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% respectively) in triplicate for 60 days. Growth performance [final body wet weight (FBW); weight gain (WG); biomass gain (BG)] of shrimp fed chitosan‐containing diets were higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed the basal diet, shrimp fed C0.1 diet showed the highest value of growth performance. Survival of shrimp in C0.1 and C0.2 diet groups were higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp in C0, C0.05 and C0.4 diet groups but without statistical difference (P > 0.05) in shrimp fed C0.3 diet group. Whole body and muscle lipid contents decreased with increasing dietary chitosan levels. Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of shrimp fed C0 diet was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed chitosan‐containing diets. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities of shrimp fed C0 diet were higher than those of shrimp fed chitosan‐containing diets. Digestive gland malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein contents of shrimp fed chitosan‐containing diets were lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed C0 diet. Total haemocyte count of shrimp fed C0 diet was lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed chitosan‐containing diets. On the contrary, the haemolymph clotting time of shrimp fed C0 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed chitosan‐containing diets. In conclusion, all results suggested that dietary intake containing 0.1% and 0.2% chitosan enhanced the growth of shrimp, whereas a higher level than 0.3% and 0.4% decreased growth of shrimp. Second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of WG and BG indicated that the optimum supplement of dietary chitosan level should be 0.19–0.21%.     

三黄占2号EMS诱变突变体库的构建与稻瘟病抗性初步评价

三黄占2号是国际公认、具有稻瘟病持久抗性的籼稻品种.为了获得用于三黄占2号稻瘟病持久抗性基因鉴定及机制研究的突变体,利用化学诱变剂EMS对三黄占2号进行诱变处理,创建突变体库,并对三黄占2号EMS突变体进行稻瘟病抗性评价.以成苗率50％为标准,筛选出最佳EMS诱变浓度为0.8％.从M2代起以单粒传方法进行突变体库的构建,获得了性状相对稳定的7 387份M4代突变体.广东阳江稻瘟病自然诱发鉴定结果表明,约有5.9％和5.4％的材料的叶瘟和穗瘟抗性分别发生了突变,并观察到多种抗性变化类型,从中筛选出300份突变体作进一步的研究.     

Identification of selected internal wood characteristics in computed tomography images of black spruce: a comparison study

The feasibility of identifying internal wood characteristics in computed tomography (CT) images of black spruce was investigated using two promising classifiers: the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) and the back propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. Nine image features including one spectral feature (gray level values), a distance feature, and seven textural features were employed to develop the classifiers. The selected internal wood characteristics to be identified included heartwood, sapwood, bark, and knots. Twenty cross-sectional CT images of a black spruce log were randomly selected to develop the two classifiers. The results suggest that both classifiers produced high classification accuracy. Compared with the MLC classifier (80.9% overall accuracy), the BP ANN classifier had better classification performance (97.6% overall accuracy). Moreover, statistical analysis reveals that the heartwood of the black spruce log used in this study is the easiest to identify by either classifier compared with the other three log features. The results also suggest that the separability of one wood characteristic from the other wood characteristics in black spruce CT images is mainly related to moisture content.     

不同地类春小麦叶片叶绿素含量高光谱植被指数估算模型研究

为给小麦长势的遥感监测提供依据,利用多种植被指数对比分析了水浇地和旱地春小麦不同生育期冠层光谱及叶绿素含量的变化,并建立了不同地类春小麦叶绿素含量的最佳估测模型。结果表明,春小麦叶绿素含量在整个生育期呈先升后降趋势,且水浇地高于旱地。春小麦冠层光谱在可见光波段表现为阳坡和双面坡地>阴坡地>水浇地,而在近红外区域反之。在起身期-乳熟期,春小麦叶绿素含量分别与二次修正土壤调节植被指数和植被衰老反射率指数的相关性最好;在拔节-扬花期,水浇地和阴坡地的叶绿素含量分别与绿度植被指数和修正归一化差异指数相关性最好,阳坡和双面坡地则与二次修正土壤调节植被指数的相关系数最大。利用相关性最好的植被指数模拟春小麦叶绿素含量,水浇地在起身-扬花期宜用抛物线模型,乳熟期则适合用乘幂模型,且各模型r和检验r均大于0.88,拟合程度较高;阴坡、阳坡和双面坡地起身期适用指数模型,其余时期适合抛物线模型。