膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术改良新疆盐碱地效果综述

膜下滴灌技术的大面积推广和应用,为新疆乃至西北干旱地区作物高产提供了强大的技术支撑。应用在盐碱地改良中,膜下滴灌“有灌无排”模式仅调节耕层盐分分布,并不能将盐分排出土体,长年灌溉容易引起爆发式积盐的风险,而暗管排水是目前公认的改良盐碱地最直接、最有效的方法。目前,将膜下滴灌与暗管排水有机结合形成的新型灌溉技术,充分利用膜下滴灌良好的抑蒸增温、节水抑盐等优势,同时利用暗管将淋洗盐水及时排出土体,使盐碱化土层产生新的水盐平衡,已在新疆盐碱地区开发利用中得到长足发展。本文重点分析并总结了新疆灌区膜下滴灌结合暗管排水系统的设计参数及土壤水盐运移规律,并综述了土壤理化性质及作物产量对该灌排技术的响应研究,以期为新疆盐碱地农业可持续发展提供理论依据和技术指导。     

Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.     

不同油梨品系果实品质特征的综合评价

本研究选用来自海南省儋州市及白沙县的9种油梨品系(DL-F、FR-1、LY-C、LY-L、RK-1、RK-2、RK-3、RK-4、RK-5)作为研究对象,分别测定其矿质元素、脂肪酸成分、维生素C、总酚、黄酮等31项重要果实品质性状,用火焰石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定果实中矿物质含量,采用索氏抽提法提取油梨果肉中的油脂,...     

Detection of castor contamination by real-time polymerase chain reaction

Due to the potential for intentional contamination of food with crude preparations containing ricin, a real-time PCR method was developed for the detection of castor plant material in ground beef. One primer pair was identified and confirmed to be castor-specific and efficient for amplification of ricin in DNA extracts from castor or beef matrices. Of three different DNA extraction protocols compared, the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method yielded the highest quality of DNA for QPCR assay. The detection limit for castor contamination in ground beef samples was <0.001% (<10 microg of castor acetone powder per gram of beef, corresponding to 0.5 microg of ricin), indicating excellent sensitivity for the assay, well below the threshold for oral toxicity.     

基于DPSIR概念框架的区域水土保持效益评价新思路

 定量评价区域水土保持效益并得到综合质量指数,便于区域水土保持效益的纵向或横向比较,进而为水土保持技术的提升和区域生态环境建设的科学决策服务。DPSIR(driving force-pressure-state-impact-response)概念框架有助于全面分析水土保持的"驱动力"、"压力"、"状态"、"影响"和"响应",有助于理解水土保持社会、经济和环境各因素的作用过程以及彼此之间的因果关系。在介绍DPSIR概念框架的基础上,根据区域水土保持效益评价指标体系构建的主导原则,初步提出水土保持效益评价的DPSIR框架,进而提出水土保持效益评价从基础数据到综合指数集成的新思路。     

黄土半干旱区油松苗木蒸腾特性与影响因子的关系

 为分析土壤水分与气象因子对油松蒸腾作用的影响程度,提高造林成活率,并为林地水分管理提供科学依据。在2004年生长季典型晴天,采用盆栽试验,人为控制土壤水分,利用针叶Li-1600稳态气孔仪和BP-3400精密天平等仪器,对黄土半干旱区油松苗木的蒸腾特性及其影响因子的关系进行研究。结果表明:在不同的土壤水分条件下,油松蒸腾速率和气孔阻力的日变化曲线分别呈“双峰型”和“W”型;在典型晴天下,蒸腾速率与土壤含水量的关系呈三次曲线相关,7、8和10月份,油松叶片蒸腾速率达到最大值时所对应的土壤含水量分别为17.7%、19.8%和17.5%。蒸腾速率除自身生理特性的影响外,还受土壤水分和气象因子综合影响,当土壤水分充足时,蒸腾速率与气象因子相关性高;当土壤水分产生胁迫时,蒸腾速率与气象因子相关性降低。在严重土壤水分胁迫下,7和8月份气温对蒸腾作用的影响最大,10月份光合有效辐射的影响最大。在土壤充分供水的条件下,7月份空气相对湿度对蒸腾作用的影响最大,8月份是气温,10月份是叶温。     

Antihyperglycemic Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycodon grandiflorum</Emphasis> (Jacq.) A. DC. Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in oriental food. This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC aqueous-ethanol extract (PGE) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ diabetic mice) for the first time. The effects of PGE on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and body weight were investigated. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after single administration of PGE. Furthermore, Glibenclamide and PGE significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. Treatment with glibenclamide and PGE resulted in a reduction in blood glucose levels from the 2nd week, and this reduction was maintained until the 4th week of treatment. The body weight changed slightly in glibenclamide and PGE treated mice in comparison with the STZ control group. Plasma insulin levels were increased with glibenclamide treatment in STZ diabetic mice, whereas such effect was not observed with PGE. These results indicated that PGE could induce hypoglycemic effects without stimulating insulin secretion.     

微生物菌肥与化学肥料配施对盈江省藤生长的影响

为了解不同肥料种类及其施肥量对盈江省藤生长的影响,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计对其2年生幼林进行连续3年的微生物菌肥与复合肥和磷肥配施试验。结果表明,3年中不同因素的各水平组合间苗木的地径、株高、叶片数和冠幅均呈现极显著的差异(P<0.01)。施用复合肥和磷肥总体呈现显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)地抑制盈江省藤生长的现象。不同肥料配施试验组合的地径、株高和叶片数均大于对照的相应指标。试验期间,单施微生物菌肥0.3~0.6 g/株即可满足盈江省藤生长的需求。     

牛源无乳链球菌耐药性与毒力基因的表达量差异分析

【目的】 研究无乳链球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,分析无乳链球菌毒力基因与耐药基因的携带情况。【方法】 分别采用微量肉汤稀释法和普通PCR的方法,检测牛源无乳链球菌对16种抗菌药物的耐药性和相关耐药基因及毒力基因,并且采用荧光定量PCR技术对不同菌株的8种毒力基因的表达量差异进行分析。【结果】 （1）无乳链球菌对11种药物的敏感性达到了65%以上,其中敏感性最高的是氟苯尼考（92.4.%）和头孢噻呋（88.4%）,对氨苄西林、红霉素、克林霉素的耐药率均达到了50%以上,对磺胺异恶唑的耐药率也达到了45%以上。（2）无乳链球菌耐药基因gyrA、sul1、ermB、ermC的检出率分别为100%、 86.67%、 93.3%、 33.3%,而ermA、sul2、sul3及parC 4种耐药基因未检出。（3）无乳链球菌毒力基因pavA、cfb、fbsA、bibA、cspA、sip、iagA、hylB的检出率为100%,rib检出率为13.3%,bca的检出率为53.3%,cyl E检出率为73.3%;未检测到bac、lmb、scp B这三种毒力基因。（4）不同菌株之间毒力基因的表达量有显著性差异（P<0.05）。【结论】 无乳链球菌对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药率较高,无乳链球菌毒力因子是宿主感染疾病的重要因素。     

花期盐水滴灌对10份番茄种质的主要性状影响及耐盐性评价

【目的】测定10个不同番茄种质的主要植株及叶片生理性状,筛选优异的耐盐碱种质,为优异耐盐新品种改良提供参考依据。【方法】以10个不同番茄种质为试材,采用花期盐水滴灌处理,以清水滴灌为对照,采用NaCl配置的盐水(6 ms/cm)全生育期滴灌盐胁迫处理。测定盐胁迫后番茄植株的株高、茎粗、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)值、叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。【结果】花期盐水滴灌胁迫下,不同参试番茄材料的株高、茎粗和SPAD值均不同程度降低、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD和CAT 酶活性不同程度提高。采用隶属函数法和主成分分析法对10个不同番茄种质的耐盐性进行综合评价,由强到弱依次为C₃>C₁>C₅>C₉>C₈> C₂>C₇>C₆>C₁₀>C₄。【结论】花期盐水滴灌胁迫导致所有参试番茄材料叶片氧化损伤发生,生长受到抑制,并通过渗透调节和抗氧化酶促系统响应盐胁迫逆境。不同番茄材料对盐水滴灌胁迫的敏感性和耐受性存在差异。材料的耐盐性由强到弱依次为C₃>C₁>C₅>C₉>C₈>C₂>C₇>C₆>C₁₀>C₄。