良药美食马齿苋人工栽培技术

马齿苋，又名蚂蚁菜、长命草、酸米菜、五行草、马蛇子菜、瓜子菜，台湾通称猪母草。属于马齿苋科马齿苋属，一年生草本植物。其口味微酸，性寒滑爽，有清热解毒，健胃消积之功效，是一种常用的中草药，对预防心血管疾病和治疗热毒痢疾有很好的效果。其幼嫩茎叶可供食用。近年研究表明，无论从药理作用还是从食用保健看，马齿苋都是一种不可多得的中草药和天然绿色佳蔬。近几年来随着消费的增加，已开始转入人工栽培。     

按不同氨基酸模式配制肉鸭日粮的比较研究

试验比较了不同氨基酸模式对肉鸭生产性能的影响。将320只1日龄的樱桃谷鸭随机分为4组,每组80只,设4个重复,每个重复20只,公母各半,分别饲喂四种日粮(按四种氨基酸模式配制),试验期21天。结果表明:日粮的氨基酸模式为Lys∶Met∶Trp∶Thr=100∶45∶21∶62时,其2周和3周体重高于其它各组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),且F/G和血清尿酸水平最低。     

Effects of Moringa oleifera silage on milk yield,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows

This study investigated the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) as a partial substitute of alfalfa hay on milk yield, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows. MO was harvested at 120 days post‐seeding. Fresh MO was cut, mixed with chopped oat hay (425:575 on a DM basis), ensiled and stored for 60 days. Sixty healthy Holstein dairy cows were allocated to one of three groups: NM (no MO or control), LM (low MO; 25% alfalfa hay and 50% maize silage were replaced by MO silage) or HM (high MO; 50% alfalfa hay and 100% maize silage were replaced by MO silage). The feeding trial lasted 35 days. The LM and HM diets did not affect dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield or milk composition (lactose, milk fat, milk protein and somatic cell count). The apparent digestibility of DM and NDF was lower for HM group than NM group. Additionally, there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes between the LM and NM groups. The HM group had lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum concentrations of urea than the NM group. The partial replacement of alfalfa hay (≤50%) and maize silage with MO silage had no negative effects on milk yield, in vivo nutrient apparent digestibility or serum biochemical indexes of lactating cows.     

水稻雄性不育突变体012S-3的遗传分析和基因定位

雄性不育是水稻杂种优势利用的重要资源,对雄性不育现象的研究具有重要理论意义和实践价值。本研究以自然突变的水稻雄性不育突变体012S-3为试验材料,对其表型特征和花粉育性等进行调查,并构建遗传群体,利用分子标记对目的基因进行初步定位,然后应用基因组重测序技术对其进行精细定位。结果表明,012S-3是一个典型的无花粉普通型雄性不育材料,其不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制。初步定位分析目的基因与SSR标记RM6081存在连锁关系,其遗传距离约为34.4 c M;进一步的精细定位分析,找到3个候选基因:LOC_Os07g35880、LOC_Os07g35920和LOC_Os07g35940,其中LOC_Os07g35880和LOC_Os07g35940编码β-淀粉酶,属于水稻中新发现的花粉致死基因。该不育基因的成功定位为其进一步的分离克隆及其在水稻分子设计育种中的应用奠定了基础。     

节能日光温室番茄长季节高产栽培研究初报

对日光温室番茄长季节栽培进行了品种筛选及施肥指标和环境调控的研究 ,筛选出适宜日光温室番茄长季节栽培的品种 4个 ,提出 6 6 7m2 产量 2 0 0 0 0kg番茄的复合肥和钾肥施肥指标及采用遮阳网、反光幕、防虫网、诱虫色板、膜下滴灌等环境调控技术和措施。     

在灰潮土-芹菜系统中包膜尿素和尿素氮的利用和去向

通过盆栽试验研究了包膜尿素(自制)和尿素等肥料在灰潮土中对芹菜生长、氮吸收、产量和品质等的影响。结果表明：在2种质地的灰潮土中施包膜尿素较尿素使芹菜增产11．5％～15．2％,N吸收增加5．9％～9．5％,土壤氨挥发损失N减少12．2％～14．4％,淋失和反硝化N损失减少25．5％～28．3％,N素利用率提高20．1％～27．9％,土壤持留N量占施氮量的32．0％～37．3％;芹菜产品中NO3^--N含量降低44．2％～60．3％,维生素C含量显著提高,品质明显得到改善。     

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,creatine metabolism and plasma amino acid profile in broilers

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, creatine deposition and blood amino acid (AA) profile on broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, a total of 540 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broilers (average initial body weight, 45.23 ± 0.35 g) were divided randomly into five treatments with six replicates of 18 chicks each. Broilers were fed corn–soybean meal‐basal diets supplemented with 0, 600, 800, 1,000 or 1,200 mg/kg GAA for 42 days respectively. Results showed that dietary GAA inclusion increased average daily gain (ADG) and improved gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F) from 1 to 42 days (p < 0.01). However, average daily feed intake was unaffected by dietary supplementation of GAA. As GAA inclusion increased, the contents of creatine in plasma and kidney were increased (linear, p < 0.01), while the contents of GAA and creatine in liver were decreased (linear, p < 0.01). Similarly, GAA supplementation was inversely related to concentrations of most essential AA in plasma. In Exp. 2, a total of 432 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broilers (average initial body weight, 39.78 ± 0.58 g) were divided randomly into four treatments with six replicates of 18 chicks each. Birds were fed a corn–soybean meal‐basal diet supplemented with 0, 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg GAA for 42 days respectively. Dietary inclusion of 600 mg/kg GAA significantly increased ADG and G:F of broilers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 600–1,200 mg/kg GAA can effectively improve the growth performance in broiler chickens by affecting creatine metabolism and utilization efficiency of essential AA, and 600 mg/kg GAA is the minimum dose for improving performance.     

湖北省钟祥市南湖水生态环境评价

位于湖北省钟祥市城关郢中镇东的南湖,面积800hm^2,集观赏和水产养殖于一体。鱼产量为700t／a。该湖紧靠城市,直接纳人了未经任何处理的大量生活和工业污水,每天流量达40000t,造成水体严重富营养化,鱼类因栖息环境恶化而大量死亡,造成很大经济损失。鉴于此,笔者对南湖水生态环境进行了调查,旨在为南湖的综合治理提供科学依据。     

利用RAPD 标记和种间杂交组合构建葡萄的分子标记连锁图谱

 利用随机扩增多态性DNA (RAPD) 在一个葡萄的种间杂交组合〔毛葡萄8324296 (Vitis quinquangularis) ×欧洲葡萄粉红玫瑰(V. vinifera) 〕的F1 群体中发展分子标记,共产生了89 个稳定的RAPD 标记,连同4 个形态标记(花型、霜霉病抗性、果皮颜色、果汁颜色) 构建了一个葡萄RAPD分子连锁图。该图覆盖基因组总长度为1 033 cM,标记间平均距离为17.8 cM, 为毛葡萄连锁图谱的构建提供了一个连锁框架。     

壬菌铜30%微乳剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验

试验表明壬菌铜30%微乳剂对葡萄霜霉病有很好的防治效果,使用浓度为200、300mg/kg时,对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果分别为79.9%、85.3%,与氢氧化铜46%水分散粒剂230mg/kg、烯酰吗啉40%悬浮剂250mg/kg处理的防效相当,且耐雨水冲刷,持效期长,价格低廉,值得推广使用。