Prior infection with antigenically heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza viruses interferes with the lethality of the H5 highly pathogenic strain in domestic ducks

Low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs and HPAIVs, respectively) have been co-circulating in poultry populations in Asian, Middle Eastern, and African countries. In our avian-flu surveillance in Vietnamese domestic ducks, viral genes of LPAIV and HPAIV have been frequently detected in the same individual. To assess the influence of LPAIV on the pathogenicity of H5 HPAIV in domestic ducks, an experimental co-infection study was performed. One-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally and orally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control) or 10⁶ EID₅₀ of LPAIVs (A/duck/Vietnam/LBM678/2014 (H6N6) or A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM694/2014 (H9N2)). Seven days later, these ducks were inoculated with HPAIV (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM808/2015 (H5N6)) in the same manner. The respective survival rates were 100% and 50% in ducks pre-infected with LBM694 or LBM678 strains and both higher than the survival of the control group (25%). The virus titers in oral/cloacal swabs of each LPAIV pre-inoculation group were significantly lower at 3–5 days post-HPAIV inoculation. Notably, almost no virus was detected in swabs from surviving individuals of the LBM678 pre-inoculation group. Antigenic cross-reactivity among the viruses was not observed in the neutralization test. These results suggest that pre-infection with LPAIV attenuates the pathogenicity of HPAIV in domestic ducks, which might be explained by innate and/or cell-mediated immunity induced by the initial infection with LPAIV.     

精粹百合的组织培养与快速繁殖技术

以鳞片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究了精粹百合的组培快繁技术。结果表明:精粹百合的最佳诱导培养基为MS 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.05mg/L;最适增殖培养基为MS 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.2mg/L;以1/2MS为基本培养基,NAA浓度0.3~0.5mg/L时,生根率可达97%以上。室内移栽充分炼苗后再定植到大田,利于提高成活率。     

玉溪市林分植被覆盖变化及驱动力分析

林分植被覆盖在很大程度上能够反映林分生态系统的健康与否,其时空变化是林分生态系统发展方向的判断依据。对玉溪市2010—2019年林分植被覆盖的时空格局变化进行了分析,并利用单因素和多元回归分析方法分别建立回归模型探索了林分植被覆盖改善与退化的驱动因素。结果表明:林分植被覆盖整体呈向好趋势,各驱动因素与斜率均不是简单线性关系;道路和居民区与林分植被覆盖改善速度呈负相关、与退化速度呈正相关;DEM、坡度、大型水体、公益林管护与林分植被覆盖改善速度呈正相关、与退化速度呈负相关;坡向与林分植被覆盖改善速度呈正相关,地形起伏度与林分植被覆盖退化速度呈负相关。林分植被覆盖改善与退化的驱动力不尽相同,影响机制也存在差异,这为更好制定生态保护相关政策提供了有力的科学依据。     

设施延迟栽培条件下杨梅果实品质指标的动态变化

以13年生‘东魁’与‘荸荠种’为试验材料,研究设施延迟栽培对杨梅果实发育过程中果实大小、单果重、糖、酸、花青苷、总酚、VC等品质指标的影响。结果表明：在果实成熟期,设施延迟栽培杨梅的果实大小、单果重、糖酸比、VC含量等品质指标均要优于露地栽培的,两者的总酚含量差异不显著;而延迟栽培后期,设施内杨梅除果实大小、单果重外,其它品质相关指标含量均有所降低。因此,综合果实大小、单果重、糖酸比、VC这些品质指标,杨梅设施延迟栽培的果实品质比露地栽培好,‘东魁’在花后90d左右采摘、‘荸荠种’在花后85d左右采摘为宜。     

浙南山区杨梅大棚促早栽培技术研究

本研究选择‘东魁’杨梅为试验材料,以露地栽培为对照,研究大棚设施促早栽培对‘东魁’杨梅的物候期、产量、品质、效益的影响效应。经过3年的试验,通过对‘东魁’杨梅物候期的记载,产量、效益的统计,单果质量、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、钾含量、Vc含量等质量指标的检测,综合分析结果表明,东魁杨梅大棚栽培促早、提质、增效效果显著。本研究对优化和推广杨梅大棚促早栽培技术具有重要意义,对山区农民增收提供示范案例。     

天竺葵病害及其防治

概述天竺葵主要病害的病原物、症状及其防治措施,并列出77种天竺葵病害种类名录。     

土池养殖南美白对虾合理密度研究简报

在土池养殖场环境下,分析对虾土池精养产量与合理养成密度的关系。以求更好发挥单位水体的生产效力,促进对虾养殖朝着更健康、更高效的方向发展。     

改进熵权法在作物区域试验中的应用分析——以小麦为例

作物区域试验的目的就是要鉴定作物新品种（系）的生产潜力、稳产性及区域适应性,田间调查和室内考种的项目繁多,但试验结果往往是对参试品系产量进行排名,其他性状进行描述,缺乏一种能代表品系综合性状表现的总成绩。本研究把熵权法引入小麦区域试验,建立了小麦综合表现的评价指标体系,包括目标层,准则层和指标层,其中目标层为参试材料综合性状表现,准则层包括田间记载性状、籽粒性状和产量性状,指标层有16个指标构成。通过计算各指标权重值和转化值,进而计算出各指标的分数值,分数值代表了一个品系在区域试验中的综合表现,可用于参试品种（系）间的比较。研究结果表明熵权法引入小麦区域试验,对参试品种（系）的评价是客观的。     

基于健康与营养的现代农业发展

食安民康,食品安全贯穿整个产业链,其源头农产品是基础,首先必须把农产品质量抓好。为更好引导农业发展服务我国居民健康营养需求,11月20—21日2020中国农业农村科技发展高峰论坛暨中国现代农业发展论坛期间,中国农学会举办了健康·营养·现代农业分论坛,围绕我国居民膳食营养特征与食品科技创新、发展绿色都市农业与服务城市健康生活、牛奶与健康关联的优质乳工程、燕麦降血糖作用及机制研究、我国营养健康型食物资源开发趋势与典型案例、营养环境塑造动物健康高效生产6个主题,交流我国居民营养健康问题,探讨居民膳食结构,展望现代农业发展对我国居民营养健康的提升作用。     

Equol,a Blood–Brain Barrier Permeable Gut Microbial Metabolite of Dietary Isoflavone Daidzein,Exhibits Neuroprotective Effects against Neurotoxins Induced Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Emerging data support that plant food based isoflavones have ameliorating effects on a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease...