Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance,serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens

A total of 540 2‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 35‐day experiment and were randomly divided into five treatments: (i) NC (low energy); (ii) PC (high energy diet); (iii) P1 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases); (iv) P2 (NC + 0.05% emulsifier); and (v) P3 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases + 0.05% emulsifier). From days 0 to 21, body weight gain in PC and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.05) compared with NC treatment. The chicks fed PC, P1, P2 and P3 improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio compared with the NC treatment throughout the whole experiment. Abdominal fat weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in PC, P2 and P3 treatments than in NC and P1 treatments. On day 35, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were higher (P < 0.05) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in NC and P2 treatments than in PC, P1 and P3 treatments. The concentration of oleic acid, linoleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were highest (P < 0.05) in PC than in the other treatments. In conclusion, the results indicate that low energy density diet had lower growth performance, while the inclusion of emulsifier and carbohydrases in low energy diets can partially improve growth performance.     

Improved development of somatic cell cloned bovine embryos by a mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model

Previous studies have established a bovine mammary gland epithelia cells in vitro model by the adenovirus-mediated telomerase (hTERT-bMGEs). The present study was conducted to confirm whether hTERT-bMGEs were effective target cells to improve the efficiency of transgenic expression and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). To accomplish this, a mammary-specific vector encoding human lysozyme and green fluorescent protein was used to verify the transgenic efficiency of hTERT-bMGEs, and untreated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (bMGEs) were used as a control group. The results showed that the hTERT-bMGEs group had much higher transgenic efficiency and protein expression than the bMGEs group. Furthermore, the nontransgenic and transgenic hTERT-bMGEs were used as donor cells to evaluate the efficiency of SCNT. There were no significant differences in rates of cleavage or blastocysts or hatched blastocysts of cloned embryos from nontransgenic hTERT-bMGEs at passage 18 and 28 groups (82.8% vs. 81.9%, 28.6% vs. 24.8%, 58.6% vs. 55.3%, respectively) and the transgenic group (80.8%, 26.5% and 53.4%); however, they were significantly higher than the bMGEs group (71.2%, 12.8% and 14.8%), (p < 0.05). We confirmed that hTERT-bMGEs could serve as effective target cells for improving development of somatic cell cloned cattle embryos.     

麦草畏、水杨酸对西洋参成熟种胚体细胞胚发生的影响

以西洋参成熟种胚为试材,以不加激素和添加0.5mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基为对照,研究了不同浓度(0.05~2.00mg/L)麦草畏、水杨酸对西洋参体胚发生的影响。结果表明:未添加激素的空白培养基没有愈伤和体胚发生;在附加2,4-D的培养基中愈伤和体胚发生率为100%;5个浓度的麦草畏和水杨酸均能诱导出体胚,其中1.00mg/L麦草畏的效果最佳,体胚发生率为56.60%,水杨酸处理下体胚发生率最高为7.50%;在各种浓度的水杨酸中种胚生长量比对照小且褐化严重。说明麦草畏、水杨酸均可诱导西洋参成熟种胚体细胞胚发生,诱导能力2,4-D麦草畏水杨酸;水杨酸对种胚生长有抑制作用。     

辽东地区立地条件对林下种植大叶芹类胡萝卜素含量的影响

在充分调查辽东地区大叶芹生长环境的基础上,以大叶芹为试材,研究了不同立地条件和环境因子对大叶芹生长的影响,以期筛选出可获得高品质大叶芹的栽植模式。结果表明:林型、坡向、坡位和坡度均对大叶芹的类胡萝卜素含量影响极显著;林下大叶芹类胡萝卜素含量明显高于全光坡耕地生长的大叶芹类胡萝卜素含量;样地处在人工落叶松林下、半阳坡、坡度为15°~20°的上坡时,其大叶芹中类胡萝卜素的含量最高。     

野生蝉花液体菌种培养条件的优化

以野生蝉花菌种为试材,采用液体培养法,研究了碳源、氮源、微量营养和pH对野生蝉花菌种生长的影响,以期为标准化、规模化、产业化人工栽培蝉花提供优质种源。结果表明:将野生蝉花菌株接种到液体培养基中,在19℃,转速120r·min-1恒温振荡摇床内培养,蝉花菌种的最适液体培养基组分为可溶性淀粉20g,奶粉10g,磷酸二氢钾0.5g,硫酸镁1g,维生素B1210片,水1 000mL,最适pH 5.0~6.0。     

A peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide

The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.     

Comparison of the rebound tonometer (TonoVet) with the applanation tonometer (TonoPen XL) in normal Eurasian Eagle owls (Bubo bubo)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and accuracy of a handheld rebound tonometer, TonoVet, and to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings of the TonoVet with those of an applanation tonometer, TonoPen XL, in normal Eurasian Eagle owls. ANIMALS STUDIED: Ten clinically normal Eurasian Eagle owls (20 eyes). PROCEDURES: Complete ocular examinations, using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were conducted on each raptor. The IOP was measured bilaterally using a rebound tonometer followed by a topical anesthetic agent after 1 min. The TonoPen XL tonometer was applied in both eyes 30 s following topical anesthesia. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD IOP obtained by rebound tonometer was 10.45 +/- 1.64 mmHg (range 7-14 mmHg), and by applanation tonometer was 9.35 +/- 1.81 mmHg (range 6-12 mmHg). There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the IOP obtained from both tonometers. The linear regression equation describing the relationship between both devices was y = 0.669x + 4.194 (x = TonoPen XL and y = TonoVet). The determination coefficient (r(2)) was r(2) = 0.550. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that readings from the rebound tonometer significantly overestimated those from the applanation tonometer and that the rebound tonometer was tolerated well because of the rapid and minimal stress-inducing method of tonometry in the Eurasian Eagle owls, even without topical anesthesia. Further studies comparing TonoVet with manometric measurements may be necessary to employ rebound tonometer for routine clinical use in Eurasian Eagle owls.     

犬瘟热、犬细小病毒胶体金二联检测卡研制

本研究通过细胞融合、间接ELISA方法筛选出4株可稳定分泌犬瘟热病毒(canine distemper virus,CDV)和犬细小病毒(canine parvovirus,CPV)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,以此为基础研制了一种可同时检测CDV和CPV的胶体金二联检测卡,并对其特异性、灵敏度及准确性进行了测试。结果显示：4株杂交瘤细胞可稳定传代,分泌的单克隆抗体纯度高,效价均在1:320以上。制备的胶体金二联检测卡特异性强,只与CDV和CPV产生特异性条带,而不与其他犬类病毒反应;灵敏度高,最低检测限可达到10²拷贝/μL;准确性好,与荧光定量PCR结果的符合率高于88.0%,与市面上单一病毒检测卡的符合率高于97.2%。结果表明,本研究制备的CDV、CPV胶体金二联检测卡特异性强、灵敏度高、准确性好,兼具操作简便、肉眼可判读、结果易保存和无需特殊仪器设备等优势,可用于两种疾病的临床快速诊断和大规模检测工作。     

凉山州高原粳稻开花习性研究

凉山州高原粳稻在自然环境中抽穗后3～4d开始开花，5～8d进入开花盛期，10～12d相继结束；1日内的开花时间主要集中在12：00～16：00；每朵颍花开花历时60～110min不等；闭花授粉粒和停止发育粒教因品种而异；水稻开花与颖壳内湿度、田间温度和生态区关系密切。     

花生转基因研究进展

同多数豆科作物一样，花生的基因转化技术难度大，且与主要粮食和经济作物相比起步晚，因此进展较慢。本文收集近几年的中外资料，时花生基因转化研究中植抹再生体系的完善过程及存在问题、目前用于转化的目的基因、主要转化方法的改进及转化基因的表达方面的研究进展进行了综述，并指出在花生基因转育中急待解决的问题或需要努力的方向，为进一步进行花生转育研究提供理论基础。