Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

草食家畜母体营养对子代生命健康影响的研究进展

母体营养对胎儿基因表达的调节作用逐渐成为围产期生命营养科学研究的热点。妊娠期作为发育可塑性的关键窗口,甲基供体对胎儿发育的相关代谢基因起到修饰作用,表观遗传学可能涉及其中的分子机制。动物研究表明,母体营养供给不足或过剩都会限制胎儿的生长。结合国内外研究报道,探讨了草食家畜妊娠期母胎的营养需求、激素在稳态调节中发挥的作用以及妊娠期能量需求对妊娠健康的重要意义,概括了妊娠期草食动物营养在表观遗传学方面的研究进展,探讨了表观遗传相关技术在草食家畜育种中的应用,以期为制定草食动物妊娠期最佳营养策略、提高胚胎质量、培养高质量后代提供参考。     

番鸭血浆酶活性及其与产肉性能关系的研究

用法国＊本地二元杂交鸭为研究对象,分析其宰前血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、Ａｋｐ、ｒ－ＧＴ、Ａｍｙ活性与７个产肉性状的表型相关,结果表明ＧＯＴ活性与屠宰率,胸肌率,腿肌率,观众 率,ＧＰＴ活性与胸肌率,瘦肉率、ｒ－ＧＴ活性与胸肌率,腹脂率均呈显著正相关;     

庆阳市紫花苜蓿和燕麦推广利用现状

文章对紫花苜蓿、燕麦在庆阳市引进及在当地推广情况做了说明,结合试验对国内、国外筛选品种做了对比,推荐了适宜在庆阳市南部、北部地区种植的紫花苜蓿品种;同时对不同播期的燕麦产量做了比较,分析了燕麦不同部位营养成分。     

控释氮肥和尿素配比对不同品种夏玉米氮素累积、转移及其利用效率的影响

在黄淮海夏玉米生产区,不同控释氮肥和尿素的配比下,研究不同氮效率玉米品种的产量及其花前花后干物质和氮素累积分配规律,以及相应的氮素利用效率与经济效益,为该区域夏玉米氮肥高效施用提供理论与技术依据.试验采用裂区设计,周期为两年,以施氮处理为主区,设置0、180、300 kg·hm-23个施氮水平,并在180 kg·hm-...     

鸽新城疫四原材料病毒的灭活试验研究

经鸽新城疫ND-GS O1四原材料病毒的最佳灭活时间,最佳灭活温度以及甲醛浓度的试验研究,确定了0.1%甲醛在37 ℃条件下经过16 h,70 ℃的温度条件下经过20 min灭活病毒为最佳灭活方法,不仅能有效的完全灭活ND病毒,而且能使病毒的血凝活性保持在94%以上.     

２，４-二叔丁基苯酚对啤酒花幼苗生长与光合特性的影响

前期对不同植龄啤酒花根系分泌物及根际土壤的化学物质进行了分离鉴定,结果发现有酚类物质的存在且２,４-二叔丁基苯酚含量较高,为了进一步证实啤酒花是否存在自毒作用,采用田间小区栽培试验,研究了不同用量［０（ＣＫ,Ａ０）,７．５（Ａ１）,１５．０（Ａ２）和２２．５ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２（Ａ３）］２,４-二叔丁基苯酚处理对啤酒花幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明,２,４-二叔丁基苯酚用量Ａ１ 和Ａ２ 处理,啤酒花生长好,地上部、地下部、总生物量及日均光合速率均比对照高,且达到显著差异（犘＜０．０５）;２,４-二叔丁基苯酚用量Ａ３ 处理,啤酒花地上部、地下部和总生物量及光合特性均较对照降低,差异达到显著水平（犘＜０．０５）。啤酒花幼苗叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰型,最高峰出现在上午９：００左右,次高峰出现在中午１５：００左右,午间有明显的“午休“现象,与对照（Ａ０）相比,Ａ１、Ａ２、Ａ３ 三个处理的次高峰出现的时间均有推迟,且Ａ１ 和Ａ２ 处理的幼苗午休”现象不太明显,气孔因素是导致其“午休”的主要原因。     

地方、培育、引入品种资源的保存与发展的研究进展

作者就20世纪 80年代以来我国多次畜禽资源调查的结果作了详细的介绍,报道了576个品种在近30年来的变迁情况。除了常见的马、驴、黄牛、水牛、大额牛、牦牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅、特禽的品种以外,尚有7种,如骆驼、兔、梅花鹿、马鹿、水貂、貉、蜂等动物。其中地方品种426个,培育品种73个,引入品种77个。已有19个地方品种灭绝,37个受严重威胁。作者回顾了20世纪末开始应用遗传检测手段,包括个体、细胞、蛋白质和分子水平4个层次的研究进展。证明多层次综合研究才能反映品种的全貌。建议资源调查中要着重选育强度带来的影响,品种调查提纲必须周密,要以品种特征和外貌为主,与遗传分析相结合,才可能提出可行的保种和开发方案。作者论证了配子和胚胎超低温保存、DNA保存的前景,并指出与企业合作进行保种的动向,国家应长期重点加以支持。     

近10年来我国草原虫害生物防控综合配套技术的研究与推广进展

草原虫害防治是农业部较早大规模组织开展的防灾减灾工作之一。在长期的实践工作中,草原虫害防治始终坚持“预防为主,综合防治”的植保方针,逐步建立了“以生物防治为主,化学防治为辅”的技术路线。2002年起,全国畜牧总站在全国牧区组织开展了《草原虫害生物防控综合配套技术推广应用》项目。该项目的实施带动了全国的草原害虫防治,为草原可持续发展提供了技术支撑。本文以该项目的进展为基础,简要总结介绍了草原害虫防治的实施背景、开展情况及建设成果,包括以生态系统平衡原理为指导,对虫害监测预警、生物防控和施药技术等进行集成创新与组装配套,使草原害虫密度长期控制在经济阈值以下,实现草原生态系统平衡等。