野生胶红酵母糖苷酶水解媚丽新酒中香气糖苷研究

实验分离提取杨凌媚丽葡萄新酒中的香气糖苷,添加优选野生胶红酵母的糖苷酶液,进行催化水解实验,萃取水解生成的品种香气成分,进行GC-MS检测分析。以杏仁β-糖苷酶、黑曲霉果胶酶、La Fort商业果胶酶作催化比较实验。结果表明,杏仁β-糖苷酶标准品催化水解生成的游离香气成分种类和含量最多,其次是野生胶红酵母酶液和黑曲霉果胶酶。酶促水解生成的游离成分中,萜烯类和去甲类异戊二烯化合物能够赋予葡萄酒果香和花香,微量的酚酸酯可增加香气的复杂性,而含量很高的脂肪族类化合物和挥发性酚类会带给葡萄酒不良气味。因此,具有中等催化水解香气糖苷能力的野生胶红酵母的糖苷酶具有良好的增香酿造应用潜力。     

生鲜乳金黄色葡萄球菌污染来源调查及其耐药性

为考察贵阳市生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染环节及其对药物的敏感性,采集贵阳市周边5个大型奶牛场及一个牛奶加工厂的乳区棉签拭子75份和各生产环节奶样310份,按国家标准(GB 4789.10—2010)分离鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌,并测定其对9种常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明:生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染主要来源于牛乳头内;传统的"弃前三把奶"工艺对降低生鲜乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染的作用不明显;规范的乳区消毒可以有效地降低乳头外环境金黄色葡萄球菌对生鲜乳安全的影响;所调查奶牛场的金黄色葡萄球菌对磺胺类、β-内酰胺类和四环素类药物的耐药水平较高。     

魁蚶中间育成试验研究

当年常温育苗的稚贝生长期主要在8～11月,12月～翌年2月为越冬期。采用 W—a·L~b 这一幂函数描述稚贝壳长与体重的相关关系(W 代表体重、L 代表壳长)。风浪小、饵料丰富的内湾及虾池是稚贝适宜的中间育成水域。早育苗、早出库增加稚贝有效生长时间是获得大规格种苗的关键。稚贝壳长达5.0～6.0mm 时应及时分苗,调整网目及密度,保持网袋流水畅通。沙蚕、海星、蟹类是稚贝的敌害,夏季高温容易造成1龄贝大量死亡。     

福建沿海文蛤产地和暂养地贝类素毒化状况

采集福建沿海文蛤产地，暂养地的文蛤，结合分析其所生长的个体情况，检测其DSP和PSP，结果表明：福建沿海文蛤产地和暂养地未出现的DSP，PSP毒化状况。     

科研项目资金管理刍议——兼议《意见》的指导作用

当前我国科研人员窘迫的收入情况与日益增加的中央财政科研投入形成鲜明的反差。国务院颁发的《关于改进加强中央财政科研项目和资金管理的若干意见》,对这种科研分配的不合理现状进行了针对性改进。该文结合当前项目的申请、执行、预算、绩效等争议热点,对该《意见》对科研管理工作的实质性指导意义进行了简要阐述。     

山东省小型渔船主要参数的确定

以山东省小型渔船为研究对象，用回归分析方法，求出了小型渔船主要参数间关系，并给出了船长、船宽、吃水、船型系数，设计纵倾的估算公式和取值范围。     

高效耐久型人工鱼礁与近海渔业

针对近海渔业资源大幅衰退、生物生存环境日益恶化、生态容量下降呈荒漠化的现状,以中国海洋渔业经济保持可持续发展为目的,提出研究和投放高效耐久型人工鱼礁建设海洋牧场的必要和可行性,旨在恢复和平衡海洋生态食物链系统,改善局部的鱼类生存环境,充分利用海域有限空间,高效地保护生态资源。研究重点为降低人工鱼礁使用成本,可提高投资所能获得长期的经济收益。,对比了国内外同类研究进展和实施现代人工鱼礁这类渔业工程的现状。高效耐久型人工鱼礁对调整和优化海洋产业结构、带动促进海洋渔业和相关产业经济的增长发展均具有重大的战略意义和深远的历史意义。     

Enhancing mucosal immunity in mice by recombinant adenovirus expressing major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 capsid protein delivered with cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides

A recombinant replication-defective adenovirus expressing the major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) capsid protein (rAd/Cap/518) was previously constructed and shown to induce mucosal immunity in mice following intranasal delivery. In the present study, immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with a combination of rAd/Cap/518 and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) were evaluated in mice. The levels of PCV-2-specific IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, lung, and intestinal fluids were significantly higher in the group immunized with rAd/Cap/518 and CpG ODN than animals immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies of IL-2-secreting CD4⁺ T cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8⁺ T cells were significantly higher in the combined immunization group than mice immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies of CD3⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8^-, and CD3⁺CD4^-CD8⁺ T cells in the combined immunization group were similar to that treated with CpG ODN alone, but significantly higher than mice that did not receive CpG ODN. PCV-2 load after challenge in the combined immunization group was significantly lower than that in the phosphate-buffered saline placebo group and approximately 7-fold lower in the group treated with CpG ODN alone. These results indicate that rAd/Cap/518 combined with CpG ODN can enhance systemic and local mucosal immunity in mice, and represent a promising synergetic mucosal vaccine against PCV-2.     

Effect of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2overexpression in 3T3-L1 is associated to an increase in mono-unsaturated fatty acid accumulation

Background：Fatty acid（FA） composition is the most important parameter affecting the flavor and nutritional value of the meat.The final and the only committed step in the biosynthesis of triglycerides is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2（DGAT2）.The role of DGAT2 in lipid accumulation has been demonstrated in adipocytes,However,little is known about the effect of DGAT2 on the FA composition of these cells.Methods：To investigate the role of DGAT2 in regulating lipid accumulation,FA composition and the expression of adipogenic genes,we cloned the open reading frame of the porcine DGAT2 gene and established 3T3-L1 cells that overexpressed DGAT2.Cells were then cultured in differentiation medium（DM） without FA,with a mixture of FAs（FA-DM）,or containing a ~（13）C stable isotope-labeled FA mixture（IFA-DM）.The FA composition of adipocytes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Quantitative PCR and western blotting were employed to detect expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with FA-DM for 12 d.Results：The triacylglyceride（TAG） content was significantly higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 than in control cells.When cultured in DM or FA-DM for 12 d,cells overexpressing DGAT2 showed a higher proportion of unsaturated FAs（C16：1 and C18：1）.However,when cells overexpressing DGAT2 were cultured with FA-DM for30 min,the FA composition was almost identical to that of controls.Further,the proportion of stable isotope-labeled FAs were similar in 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing DGAT2 and control cells cultured in IFA-DM for 12 d.These results collectively indicate that the higher proportion of mono-unsaturated FAs,C16：1 and C18：1,may originate from de novo FA synthesis but not from the uptake of specific FAs from the medium.This hypothesis is further supported by evidence that both mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in FA synthesis（ACACA,FASN,SCD1,and A-FABP?