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61.
Seizures during medetomindine sedation and local anaesthesia in two dogs undergoing skin biopsy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Each of two dogs presented for multiple skin biopsies were sedated with intravenous medetomidine and lignocaine was injected subcutaneously to provide local anaesthesia for skin biopsy. One dog had a seizure during skin biopsy and again immediately following reversal of medetomidine with atipamezole. The other dog developed seizures 2 h following skin biopsy at which time the medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole. Both dogs were neurologically normal with no history of seizures prior to the procedure and remained neurologically normal for 14 weeks and 9 months, respectively, following the procedure. A drug interaction between the α2 -adrenergic agonist medetomidine and lignocaine is suspected and highlights the potential for seizures following the subcutaneous administration of relatively large doses of lignocaine under medetomidine sedation. 相似文献
62.
R. Roehe N.P. Shrestha W. Mekkawy E.M. Baxter P.W. Knap K.M. Smurthwaite S. Jarvis A.B. Lawrence S.A. Edwards 《Livestock Science》2009,121(2-3):173-181
Genetic parameters of piglet survival traits and birth weight were estimated on the first generation data of a selection experiment aimed at improving piglet survival using a multiple trait linear and threshold model. Data on 5293 piglets for survival at birth, at day one after birth and during the entire nursing period, as well as individual birth weight and litter size, were recorded in an outdoor production system. Genetic effects of piglet survival traits and birth weight were estimated based on threshold and Gaussian models, respectively, using a Bayesian approach. The statistical model included as fixed effects selection group, parity, gender, fostering, gestation length and month of farrowing and, alternatively, an adjustment for litter size. Direct genetic effects (i.e. the piglet's genetic potential) for piglet survival and birth weight were estimated separately, whereas maternal genetic and environmental effects could only be estimated for the given data structure in a combined litter effect. Posterior means of heritabilities for direct genetic effects of survival at birth, at first day after birth and the entire nursing period, as well as birth weight, were 0.08, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.20, respectively. Genetic correlations among survival traits were in the range of 0.29 to 0.40 and indicate that these traits were mainly attributable to different genetic effects. Genetic correlations between direct effects of survival traits and birth weight ranged between 0.18 and 0.23 and were reduced when weights of stillborn piglets were omitted in the analysis or the traits were adjusted for litter size. The magnitudes of direct genetic effects of survival traits are substantially higher than estimates in the literature, which may indicate that these traits have a higher genetic influence under outdoor conditions. The use of birth weight in the multiple trait estimation provided important information for the estimation of survival traits due to its favourable genetic correlations with survival, its high heritability and its high information content as a continuously measured trait. 相似文献
63.
Susan O. Mitchell Emily J. Baxter Celia Holland Hamish D. Rodger 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(5):813-825
Gill health and disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were studied at a marine site on the west coast of Ireland. Fish were sampled on a regular basis during the summer and autumn of 2009. A novel histopathological scoring system was devised to give a semi-quantitative measure of gill pathology. The index criteria for gill histopathology were lamellar hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, circular anomalies (necrosis or sloughing) and lamellar oedema, a score from 0 to 3 being assigned for each parameter. Ancillary criteria, such as hypertrophy, haemorrhage and the presence of specific pathogens, were assigned a score of 0 or 1. Environmental monitoring undertaken included zooplankton and phytoplankton sampling, as well as temperature and oxygen recordings for the site. Epitheliocystis was frequently observed at low levels but was not associated with any significant gill pathology. Clinically significant gill pathology was observed on one occasion during the sampling period, coinciding with the occurrence of Pelagia noctiluca, Muggiaea atlantica and Solmaris corona. Throughout the longitudinal study, the scoring system provided an accurate and effective means of assessing gill health, demonstrating the ability of this practical tool to be used in future studies of gill health and disease. 相似文献
64.
Graeme M. Doodnaught Marina C. Evangelista Paulo V.M. Steagall 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):364-369
Objective
To evaluate the onset, magnitude and duration of thermal antinociception after oral administration of two doses of tapentadol in cats.Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental study.Animals
Six healthy adult cats weighing 4.4 ± 0.4 kg.Methods
Skin temperature (ST) and thermal threshold (TT) were evaluated using a wireless TT device up to 12 hours after treatment. Treatments included placebo (PBO, 50 mg dextrose anhydrase orally), buprenorphine (BUP, 0.02 mg kg?1) administered intramuscularly, low-dose tapentadol (LowTAP, 25 mg orally; mean 5.7 mg kg?1) and high-dose tapentadol (HighTAP, 50 mg orally; mean 11.4 mg kg?1) in a blinded crossover design with 7 day intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using anova with appropriate post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).Results
Salivation was observed immediately following 11 out of 12 treatments with tapentadol. The ST was significantly increased at various time points in the opioid treatments. Hyperthermia (≥ 39.5 °C) was not observed. Baseline TT was 45.4 ± 1.4 °C for all treatments. Maximum TT values were 48.8 ± 4.8 °C at 1 hour in LowTAP, 48.5 ± 3.0 °C at 2 hours in HighTAP and 50.2 ± 5.3 °C at 1 hour in BUP. TT significantly increased after LowTAP at 1 hour, after HighTAP at 1–2 hours, and after BUP at 1–2 hours compared with baseline values. TTs were significantly increased in BUP at 1–2 hours compared with PBO.Conclusion and clinical relevance
Oral administration of tapentadol increased ST and TT in cats. The durations of thermal antinociception were similar between HighTAP and BUP, both of which were twice as long as that in LowTAP. Studies of different formulations may be necessary before tapentadol can be accepted into feline practice. 相似文献65.
Signatures of adaptation to obligate biotrophy in the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis genome 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Baxter L Tripathy S Ishaque N Boot N Cabral A Kemen E Thines M Ah-Fong A Anderson R Badejoko W Bittner-Eddy P Boore JL Chibucos MC Coates M Dehal P Delehaunty K Dong S Downton P Dumas B Fabro G Fronick C Fuerstenberg SI Fulton L Gaulin E Govers F Hughes L Humphray S Jiang RH Judelson H Kamoun S Kyung K Meijer H Minx P Morris P Nelson J Phuntumart V Qutob D Rehmany A Rougon-Cardoso A Ryden P Torto-Alalibo T Studholme D Wang Y Win J Wood J Clifton SW Rogers J Van den Ackerveken G Jones JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1549-1551
Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy. 相似文献
66.
67.
Summary Image analysis gave better precision than colorimetry in measuring the darkening caused by excess free sugar during crisping
of potatoes. The image analyser was used to measure individual crisp Average Optical Density (AOD) values in order to examine
the variability of AOD within and between tubers. It is unnecessary to measure more than one crisp per tuber when assessing
breeding lines, although two crisps per tuber are recommended for quality control. Crisps from at least ten tubers should
be measured.
A ‘Quick Crisp’ method, in which single crisps from each of four tubers are judged against standard samples, is reported.
Regression of results from this method on crisp reflectance percentage (Agtron score) gaveR
2 of 0.967. However, the observer tended to overestimate at low values and underestimate at high values. Over several trials,
the crossover point varied from 15 to 50 Agtron score units.
Measurement of crisp colour variability for improving selection, management and purchasing decisions is discussed. 相似文献
68.
Prolamin is a major class of rice proteins but its influence on the physicochemical properties of rice is not clear. Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) and TA-XT2 TPA textural analyses were performed on rice starch with the addition of prolamin extracted from three rice cultivars (Hitomebore, M103 and Amaroo), and on rice flour with the prolamin removed by propan-2-ol extraction. Addition of prolamin to rice starch was found to cause a significant (P<0.05) increase in RVA breakdown viscosity but significant (P<0.05) decreases in hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess of the starch gel. Similarly, when prolamin was removed from rice flour, exactly the opposite effect was observed. Addition of prolamin to rice starch also caused it to absorb water faster during cooking but the gelatinised starch absorbed less water compared with control samples without prolamin. 相似文献
69.
William J.M. Probert Cindy E. Hauser Eve McDonald-Madden Michael C. Runge Peter W.J. Baxter Hugh P. Possingham 《Biological conservation》2011,(4):1237-1245
The quality of environmental decisions should be gauged according to managers’ objectives. Management objectives generally seek to maximize quantifiable measures of system benefit, for instance population growth rate. Reaching these goals often requires a certain degree of learning about the system. Learning can occur by using management action in combination with a monitoring system. Furthermore, actions can be chosen strategically to obtain specific kinds of information. Formal decision making tools can choose actions to favor such learning in two ways: implicitly via the optimization algorithm that is used when there is a management objective (for instance, when using adaptive management), or explicitly by quantifying knowledge and using it as the fundamental project objective, an approach new to conservation.This paper outlines three conservation project objectives – a pure management objective, a pure learning objective, and an objective that is a weighted mixture of these two. We use eight optimization algorithms to choose actions that meet project objectives and illustrate them in a simulated conservation project. The algorithms provide a taxonomy of decision making tools in conservation management when there is uncertainty surrounding competing models of system function. The algorithms build upon each other such that their differences are highlighted and practitioners may see where their decision making tools can be improved. 相似文献
70.
Umar Farooq Irek A. Malecki Misbah Mahmood Graeme B. Martin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(1):64-73
For successful breeding programs, it is important to quantify the useful period of a male's reproductive life and it is often done simply by measurement of semen quality. This information is lacking for Japanese quail so we tested whether there is a decline in ejaculate quality and sperm kinematics with age, and whether the decline varies among strains. Nine males (n = 9) from each of 5 strains (A, B, C, D and E) were subjected to 4 semen collections (n = 16 per male) at 8, 16, 26 and 36 weeks of age. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were measured, and sperm kinematics were analysed using a Sperm Class Analyser (SCA®). There was a significant effect of age for ejaculate volume, total sperm per ejaculate and per cent medium sperm. The effect of the interaction between age and strain was significant for percent progressive motile sperm, percent rapid sperm, velocity curvilinear, velocity straight line, velocity average path, linearity, straightness and beat cross frequency. Ejaculate volume peaked at Week 26 in all strains, while peak values for sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were observed at Week 16 for most strains. There were declines in percent motile sperm, progressive motile sperm and rapid sperm, and in velocity curvilinear velocity, velocity straight line and velocity average path, by Week 16 for most strains. Linearity declined by Week 26 in some strains, and all strains showed a significant decline in beat cross frequency by that age. In conclusion, the ability of CASA to detect age-related changes in sperm kinematics makes it a valuable tool for identifying the best males and thus improving quail flock fertility. It is essential that breeders understand that age affects both sperm production and sperm kinematics, and that the changes vary with strain. 相似文献