中国加入WTO对广东省畜牧业的影响及对策

1999年4月10日，中美两国签署了《中美农业合作协议》，中国加入WTO已成定势，这意味着中国将要进一步开放农产品市场，迎接国外农产品强有力的挑战，目前我国农业基础设施薄弱，抗风险能力较差，生产规模较小，技术水平落后，生产成本相对较高，农产品竞争力较弱，加入WTO，国内农业生产无疑将受到冲击，而我国的畜牧业，已步入世界肉类大国的行列，1999年我国的肉类和禽蛋产量分别为5935．7万吨和2148．8万吨，已分别占世界总产量的26．3％和40．2％，在亚洲约占三分之二，肉、蛋生产均居世界第一；我国奶类总产量为1065万吨，占世界总产量的1．9％，居世界第14位，1999年肉、蛋、奶人均占有量分别为46．8公斤、17．2公斤、8．4公斤，肉类和蛋类人均占有量都超过世界平均水平，全世界人均肉、蛋、奶占有量分别为37．7公斤、8．9公斤和93．9公斤，我国畜牧业的地位和发展潜力越来越为世人瞩目。     

中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

将120头胎次、日龄相近,体质量在70kg左右的＂杜×长×大＂三元杂交猪随机分为4组,空白对照组只饲喂基础饲粮,西药组添加0.02%半胱胺,其他2组分别添加1%和0.5%的中草药添加剂。结果表明：在生长性能方面,2个中药组（B、C组）、半胱胺组（D组）的日增重分别比空白对照组（A组）提高了9.89%（P〈0.05）,4.42%（P〉0.05）和1.26%（P〉0.05）,料肉比分别比对照组降低了7.07%（P〈0.05）,4.49%（P〈0.05）和3.97%（P〈0.05）;添加中草药添加剂,对猪只肝肾功能无不良影响。     

酵母β-葡聚糖和抗生素对早期断奶犊牛生长性能和肠道菌群的影响

分别在犊牛代乳粉中添加酵母β-葡聚糖和杆菌肽锌,研究其对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及肠道微生物菌群变化的影响。选取20头新生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1头牛,分别饲喂以下日粮:试验A组为基础日粮组(对照组)、试验B、C组均为基础日粮+酵母β-葡聚糖75mg·kg-1、试验D组为基础日粮+杆菌肽锌60mg·kg-1。试验全期共28d,每日记录犊牛采食量、每2周逐一称重并计算日增体质量,在试验第21天晨饲时,给A、B、D3组犊牛口服大肠杆菌(O141∶K99)肉汤培养基进行攻毒,C组继续正常饲喂。于试验第28天晨饲前,采集犊牛直肠内约10cm处靠近上壶腹黏膜部的粪便样品用于测定肠道微生物区系变化。结果显示,大肠杆菌攻毒前,B组犊牛0～14d和14～21d两阶段ADG比A组分别提高了26.18%和24.93%(P0.05);攻毒后,B、D组21～28dADG比A组分别提高了30.38%、30.82%(P0.05)。试验各期F/G,B、D组均显著低于A组(P0.05)。与A组相比,B、D组犊牛攻毒后12和24h时,直肠中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),同时D组犊牛直肠中乳酸杆菌数量也显著降低(P0.05);C组犊牛直肠中乳酸杆菌数量显著高于A组(P0.05)。利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术分析显示,B、C两组条带数多于A、D组,且C组与A、D组相比差异显著(P0.05);不同试验组犊牛的总菌区系相似性处于50%～75%。结果表明,在代乳粉中添加75mg·kg-1酵母β-葡聚糖可改善犊牛肠道微生物区系,优化肠道微生物结构,从而保证犊牛健康生长,并能在一定程度上替代或减少抗生素的使用。     

鸡CAPN1基因3'-UTR多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

试验利用PCR-SSCP技术对寿光鸡CAPN1基因3'-UTR的多态性进行了检测,并进一步分析了其与肉质性状的相关性.结果显示,在寿光鸡群体中检测到AA、AB2种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.43、0.57,AB为优势基因型;A、B等位基因频率分别为0.715、0.285,A为优势等位基因;群体中未检测到BB基因型个体.经x2检验,群体处于Hardy-weinberg非平衡状态(P＜0.05).CAPN1基因3'-UTR的多态性对胸肌pHu、腿肌pHu、肌内脂肪含量和胸肌剪切力有显著性影响(P＜0.05);对腿肌剪切力、失水率、胸肌蒸煮损失和腿肌蒸煮损失无显著性影响(P＞0.05).     

日粮中添加植物提取物对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

选用250只健康AA肉雏随机分成5个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮＋金霉素、基础日粮＋植物提取物（300 g/t）、基础日粮＋植物提取物（500 g/t）和基础日粮＋植物提取物（800 g/t）5种日粮,以研究不同浓度植物提取物对46日龄肉仔鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、T淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬印度墨汁率等指标的影响。研究结果表明,提取物有提高肉仔鸡日增重、成活率及饲料报酬率的趋势,且不影响肉仔鸡的正常生长。日粮中添加不同浓度植物提取物能够增加免疫器官指数,具有促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,淋巴细胞（增殖）转化率显著增高,延长抗体水平持续时间,对肉鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显促进作用。而在日粮中添加500 g/t的提取物比添加金霉素对仔鸡免疫力有更好的作用。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

高分辨率熔解曲线分析法检测牦牛脂蛋白脂酶外显子7的多态性及与生长性状相关性分析

脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)是一个分子质量为54 kb的糖蛋白,其活性受营养因素、激素水平等调节,因牦牛生存环境的特殊性,试验拟从分子水平研究天峻县牦牛脂蛋白脂酶外显子7(LPL-Exon7)基因的多态性,并与生长发育性状进行关联分析,从而为牦牛营养调控、品种资源保护和遗传育种提供科学理论依据。试验采集青海省海西州天峻县牦牛抗凝血106份,提取血样DNA,并利用PCR技术和高分辨率熔解曲线分析法对候选基因LPL-Exon7进行多态性分析,并于采血的同时对牦牛体重、体斜长、体高、胸围和管围等生长性状指标进行了相关性和遗传效应分析。结果表明,高原牦牛LPL-Exon7基因在高原牦牛和野血牦牛中都表现为多态,存在3种基因型,即AA、AB和BB,由1对等位基因A和B控制,A等位基因均为优势等位基因。经χ²检验,符合哈迪—温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg)定律,处于平衡状态(P>0.05)。该位点在高原牦牛和野血牦牛群体中公、母牦牛的多态信息含量为0.3588和0.2103、0.3219和0.3343,高原牦牛母牛的多态信息含量PIC<0.25,处于低度多态,高原牦牛公牛和野血牦牛公、母牛的多态信息含量均在0.250.05)。因此,初步推断牦牛LPL-Exon7可以作为牦牛标记辅助选择的遗传标记之一。     

猪硫辛酸合成酶基因的克隆及组织表达

本试验通过电子延伸及RT-PCR技术克隆猪硫辛酸合成酶(lipoic acid synthase,Lias)基因,并进一步研究了该基因在猪体内组织的表达分布。基于电子延伸序列设计1对引物,成功克隆了猪Lias基因(GenBank登录号:JN797612.1),并进行了序列分析,同时利用RT-PCR方法分析了Lias基因的组织表达规律。克隆的猪Lias基因长度为1119 bp,包括1个完整的开放阅读框,编码372个氨基酸;克隆的猪Lias基因与小鼠、褐鼠、人、牛的核苷酸序列同源性分别为71.5%、69.0%、77.3%、70.4%;推导的cDNA编码区(CDS)的氨基酸序列与小鼠、褐鼠、人、牛的同源性分别为91.5%、79.4%、89.4%、88.2%;构建的系统进化树结果显示,猪与小鼠、褐鼠的亲缘关系最近;组织表达分布结果表明,Lias基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、十二指肠、空肠、直肠、回肠、脂肪、皮肤和肌肉中都有表达;Gel-Pro软件分析结果表明,Lias基因在肾脏和脂肪组织中表达丰度最高,其次是直肠和回肠。