Clinical efficacy and plasma concentrations of two formulations of buparvaquone in cattle infected with East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection)

East Coast fever, caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva, kills about 600,000 cattle annually in Africa. The hydroxynaphthoquinone compound buparvaquone (BPQ) is curative. Sixteen calves were infected with T. parva. On manifestation of disease symptoms, eight were injected with the original (pioneer) BPQ product and eight with a test product containing BPQ. All 16 calves were cured by one injection of 2.5 mg BPQ/kg bodyweight. The concentration of BPQ in blood plasma was monitored by HPLC. The mean observed C(max) of BPQ was 0.229 and 0.253 microg/mL of plasma, the mean observed time to reach this concentration (T(max)) was 2.62 and 2.12 h and the AUC (area under curve) was 4.785 and 4.156 microg h/mL, respectively, for the pioneer and test product. Considerable variations occurred in the plasma concentration of BPQ within each group. They showed no relationship with either clinical or parasitological parameters following treatment.     

Bacterial cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis with or without concurrent cholecystitis in four dogs

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical, clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, microbiological and pathological features of cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis in the dog. METHODS: The study design was a retrospective review of cases of bacterial cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis presented to the University of Bristol during the period 1995 to 2000. The diagnosis was made based on hepatic histopathological findings and positive bile culture results. RESULTS: Four dogs met the inclusion criteria. Common presenting signs included anorexia (n=4), jaundice (n=4), vomiting (n=4) and pyrexia (n=2). All four dogs had a leucocytosis or neutrophilia reported at some time in their history along with serum bilirubin elevation. In addition, serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activity was increased in all of the dogs in which it was measured both before and at the time of referral. In general, the diagnostic imaging findings were non-specific. Organisms cultured from bile aspirates were Escherichia coli (n=3), Clostridium species (n=2) and a faecal Streptococcus species (n=1). Two cases resolved with medical treatment alone; two with concurrent cholecystitis required cholecystectomy. Following surgery, both of these cases showed a resolution of clinical signs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This report highlights the fact that bacterial cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis with or without concurrent cholecystitis should be considered as a potential differential in dogs presenting with signs referable to biliary tract disease.     

Effect of danofloxacin (Advocin A180) on goats affected with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

The efficacy of danofloxacin (Advocin A180) was evaluated for the treatment of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. Ten healthy Angora goats, confirmed free of CCPP, were exposed to clinically affected animals from a natural outbreak in Thrace, Turkey. After 14 days exposure, 8 goats showed pyrexia ( > or = 41 degrees C). Shortly after, the Angora goats were divided randomly into two groups. Five of these were injected with danofloxacin (6 mg/kg subcutaneously), which was repeated after 48 h; the five remaining animals received saline. Goats were monitored clinically and blood samples were collected for serology. Animals with severe disease were withdrawn from the trial. Goats completing the study were euthanized at day 42. Lung tissue and bronchial fluid were collected for mycoplasma isolation. All danofloxacin-treated goats showed resolution of clinical disease by the end of the trial. Two saline-treated goats failed to complete the study owing to CCPP. Danofloxacin-treated goats showed fewer lung lesions and had significantly lower combined clinical scores than saline controls (p < 0.001). Danofloxacin was found to be highly effective in the treatment of CCPP in goats.     

油梨营养梢和生殖梢中生长素的向基运输与钙分配的关系

在限制蒸腾流至最小的条件下,为,测定了剪下的油梨花、幼果和营养梢的吲哚—3—乙酸(IAA)输出量和~(45)Ca 吸收量。试验中包括了生长素运输抑制剂处理,以便弄清 IAA 对 Ca 的分配是否有影响。IAA 水平用放射免疫法测定。开花后的前5周内,IAA 输出和~(45)Ca 吸收以营养梢最强。生殖器官较弱。对 Ca 分配的竞争和控和制问题进行了讨论。     

澳洲坚果幼苗的需硼量

在美国夏威夷进行温室试验,测定了澳洲坚果的树体需硼量和土壤需硼量。供试土壤采自商盘栽培澳洲坚果的夏威夷,为典型的水成火山灰始成土。试验设10个硼水平(0—32毫克硼/公斤土),定期监测外观症状、叶片干重、叶片硼浓度和土壤溶液的硼浓度,以确定植株对硼处理的反应。澳洲坚果的树体需硼量比其它作物高,叶