Carbendazim sensitivity in populations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex infecting strawberry and yams in Hubei Province of China

The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Carbendazim has been widely used to control anthracnose caused by the C. gloeosporioides complex in China for more than 30 years and resistance to carbendazim has been reported in China. A total of 125 Colletotrichum isolates of strawberry and yam were collected from different geographical regions in Hubei Province, China. Approximately 52.8% of Colletotrichum spp. isolates showed resistance to carbendazim. The isolates tested in this study belong to four species, and the frequencies of resistant isolates differed across Colletotrichum species. Resistant isolates were found in C. siamense and C. fructicola. In contrast, all isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. aenigma were sensitive to carbendazim. Highly carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the E198 A mutation in the β-tubulin 2(TUB2) gene, whereas moderately carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the F200 Y mutation in the TUB2 gene. Carbendazim-sensitive Colletotrichum isolates in this study were not genetically similar enough to form a separate cluster from resistant isolates. The result of this study emphasizes the importance of knowing which Colletotrichum sp. is present, when strategies for disease control are made.     

黑米红枣乳酸菌发酵饮料品质分析

以黑米和红枣为原料,制备新型复合乳酸菌发酵饮料,测定其理化指标、总酚和黄酮质量浓度及DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力,采用电子鼻、电子舌和SPME-GC-MS对2种饮料的感官特性和挥发性风味物质进行比较分析。结果表明:与红枣乳酸饮料相比,黑米红枣乳酸菌发酵饮料酸度和总固形物含量增大,颜色更加鲜亮丰满;黑米红枣乳酸饮料的总酚和总黄酮质量浓度、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除率显著高于红枣乳酸饮料;电子鼻和电子舌对2种饮料的感官特性及其差异有很好的识别能力;黑米红枣乳酸饮料与红枣乳酸饮料的醛类、酮类、醇类、脂类等挥发性香气成分及有机酸成分有较大差异,黑米红枣乳酸饮料相比红枣乳酸饮料有更好的色泽、风味、滋味和适口性。     

黑龙江省西部地区文冠果繁育技术

文冠果是集生态、经济价值于一体的树种之一,是黑龙江省西部地区生态建设的重要树种。文章阐述了文冠果形态特征、生态习性及栽培技术要点。     

Oxalate-degrading capacities of lactic acid bacteria in canine feces

In this study, lactic acid bacteria in canine feces were isolated and identified, and their oxalate-degrading capacities were evaluated. The oxalate-degrading capacities were determined for 24 of 47 (51.06%) lactic acid bacteria isolates. Of these, 8 isolates [Leuconostoc mesenteroides (RL75), Lactococcus garvieae (CD2), Lactococcus subsp. lactis (CS21), Enterococcus faecium (CL71 and CL72), and Enterococcus faecalis (CD14, CS62, and CD12)] degraded more than 5% of the oxalate present, while the others degraded less than 5% of the oxalate in vitro. Isolates that degraded more than 5% of the oxalate present were selected for further examination. The oxalate-degrading capacities of individual isolates, a mixture of Enterococcus, a mixture of Lactococcus, and a mixture of the eight isolates were evaluated in media containing different concentrations of glucose (sufficient, insufficient, or no glucose). In comparison with the control medium, all of the individual isolates and mixtures of isolates could degrade oxalate in all three groups (P<0.05). In most cases, the isolates growing in medium with 20 g/L of glucose had higher oxalate-degrading capacities than those growing in medium with 2.5 g/L of glucose or no glucose. The mixture of all isolates showed higher oxalate-degrading capacity than the individual isolates and other mixtures. The oxalate-degrading capacities of the isolates were isolate dependent.     

Growth performance,carcass quality characteristics and colonic microbiota profiles in finishing pigs fed diets with different inclusion levels of rice distillers’ by‐product

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing rice distillers’ by‐product (RDP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and gut microbiota of fattening pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), 56.9 ± 3.1 kg initial body weight, were randomly allocated to three groups. For 56 days, pigs were fed one of three diets including RDP0 (control), RDP15 (15% RDP in DM), and RDP30 (30% RDP in DM). With RDP level in diet, average daily gain and backfat thickness linearly increased (p < 0.05), and drip loss tended to increase (p ≤ 0.08). In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon profiling showed that RDP was associated with modulation of colonic microbiota composition, especially at family and genus levels. Relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families in colonic digesta increased with inclusion of RDP, while that of Enterobacteriaceae decreased. The proportion of genera unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Butyrivibrio increased as inclusion of RDP. These results indicate that up to 30% inclusion in diet of finishing pigs, RDP can modulate colonic microbiota composition, and induces an improvement of animal growth and fat deposition.     

2-甲基丁酸对西门塔尔牛增重、日粮养分消化和甲烷排放的影响

试验旨在研究2-甲基丁酸对西门塔尔牛日粮养分消化率、增重性能及甲烷排放的影响。选择12月龄左右、发育正常及体重相近的西门塔尔公牛36头,随机分为4组,即对照组及试验1～3组,每组9头牛,分别饲喂添加0、1.0、2.0及3.0 g/kg体重2-甲基丁酸的玉米秸秆日粮,测定日粮养分消化率、西门塔尔牛增重性能及甲烷的排放情况。试验期70 d。结果表明,试验2、3组西门塔尔牛有机物质（OM）消化率较对照组显著提高（P<0.05）;3个试验组粗蛋白质（CP）消化率均较对照组显著提高（P<0.05）,但无氮浸出物（NFE）消化率在各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验2组西门塔尔牛中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率显著高于对照组和试验1组（P<0.05）,而其酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）消化率则显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）;试验2、3组西门塔尔牛试验期间平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但其在试验1组与对照组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,试验2组的干物质采食量显著降低（P<0.05）,试验2、3组料重比也显著降低（P<0.05）;在日粮中添加2-甲基丁酸后,西门塔尔牛的甲烷排放呈降低趋势,试验2、3组排放的甲烷能显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。由以上结果推断,在日粮中添加2-甲基丁酸可促进西门塔尔牛的生长及对营养物质消化,同时可有效降低甲烷排放,2-甲基丁酸的适宜添加水平为2.0 g/kg体重。     

不同硒源对肥育猪背最长肌和血清中抗氧化指标的影响

试验选用72头(61.32±1.14)kg杜长大肥育猪,随机分成3个处理,每个处理4个重复(栏),每个栏6头猪。3个处理分别饲喂基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg亚硒酸钠、基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg酵母硒Ⅰ、基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg酵母硒Ⅱ。正试试验期6周。试验结束后从每个重复选择体重基本一致的试验猪各1头,前腔静脉采血后屠宰取背最长肌,测定肌肉和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、总过氧化物歧化酶活力、丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力。结果表明:与亚硒酸钠相比,酵母硒Ⅱ提高了血清和肌肉中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总过氧化物歧化酶活力活力(P<0.05),降低了丙二醛水平(P<0.05),显著提高了血清的总抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。     

燕麦青贮研究进展

燕麦(Avena sativa L.)是反刍家畜主要的粗饲料来源之一,其富含丰富的碳水化合物,有益于改善奶牛瘤胃健康、提升生产性能。青贮是燕麦安全贮藏的主要形式之一,具有适口性好、消化率高等优点。关于燕麦青贮,前人已经进行了大量研究,主要集中在燕麦青贮的含水量、收获期、添加剂、混贮、饲喂等方面的研究,基于此本文对燕麦青贮方面的研究进行了归纳总结,综述了影响燕麦青贮发酵品质、营养品质的受制因素和燕麦青贮的利用价值,进而推动优质燕麦青贮的调制和利用,促进燕麦青贮的发展。     

芸豆植物凝集素的提取及血凝效果研究

采用蒸馏水、生理盐水和磷酸缓冲液（pH7．8）,对芸豆进行吸涨与浸提。用硫酸铵沉淀法得到芸豆植物凝集素。结果显示生理盐水和磷酸缓冲液提取组所得植物凝集素对红细胞的凝集效价高于蒸馏水提取组。凝血效果检测表明：磷酸缓冲液浸提组对鸡红细胞的凝集效果最好,生理盐水组次之,蒸馏水组最差。而对小鼠红细胞的凝集效果,生理盐水组与磷酸缓冲液组也优于蒸馏水组。三组提取物对羊红细胞的凝集效果都不明显。     

鸭瘟病毒dUTPase基因克隆、原核表达及在病毒感染宿主亚细胞中的定位分析

根据笔者实验室新发现的鸭瘟病毒（DPV）dUTPase基因（GenBank登录号DQ486149）序列设计1对引物,PCR扩增后将产物亚克隆至pET32a（＋）原核表达载体,获得表达质粒pET32a-DU。然后将其转化至E．coliBL21（DE3）进行IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE检测显示诱导表达蛋白约66．8ku,与预期表达蛋白大小一致。薄层扫描分析表明重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白的36．2％,主要以包涵体的形式存在。重组蛋白纯化后制备兔抗血清,间接EUSA效价为1：409600。通过免疫荧光技术进行DPVdUTPase亚细胞定位检测,结果显示最早可在感染后4h的胞质中检测到特异性荧光,12h大量点状绿色荧光聚集于胞核;24h后胞核内点状荧光减弱,而胞质点状荧光增强;48h胞核和胞质荧光均显著减弱。本研究为DPVdUTPase基因功能和DPV致病机理的研究提供了重要数据。