红蓝LED光照强度对茶树生长及生物化学成分的影响

以‘黔湄601’一年生茶树苗为试材,光量比为1∶3的LED红蓝光作为光源,探讨不同光照强度对茶树幼苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及生物化学成分的变化趋势,探索茶树苗生长发育对光强的响应机制。采用LED精准调节光质和光强,设置50μmol·m-2·s-1、100μmol·m-2·s-1、150μmol·m-2·s-1、200μmol·m-2·s-14个处理。结果表明,不同光强处理15 d后,50μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶色素含量的增加及Ca/Cb值的降低;100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的降低及氨基酸含量的增加,酚氨比值最低;150μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度对茶树叶重增加有促进作用;200μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的增加和氨基酸、光合色素含量的减少;酚氨比值最高,光合色素含量最低。红蓝LED光照强度过低、过高都不利于茶叶品质形成,综合考虑,100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度最有利于茶叶功能成分的积累,是茶叶LED光源设施栽培的理想光照强度。本研究结果对于设施茶树种植具有重要的参考意义。     

水稻OsABCC10基因的克隆及其功能分析

ABCC蛋白为ABC转运蛋白超家族中的一个亚家族,主要参与将各种分子从细胞质输出到外部介质或细胞器基质的过程。为了研究OsABCC10基因是否参与水稻Na+的运输,本研究从水稻基因组中克隆出OsABCC10基因,该基因cDNA全长4539 bp,编码1513个氨基酸。OsABCC10基因表达分析发现,其主要在水稻根中表达,表达量随盐处理浓度的升高及处理时间的延长而增强,表明OsABCC10基因的表达受盐胁迫的调控。亚细胞定位分析证实OsABCC10定位于液泡膜上。盐胁迫条件下,与野生型相比,osabcc10突变体表现出对盐更敏感,而且木质部汁液中Na+浓度升高。然而,当OsABCC10基因导入野生型酵母菌株BY4741表达时,与对照组实验相比,有OsABCC10表达的酵母细胞的生长受到了抑制。该结果与植物生理实验结果相反,这可能与OsABCC10蛋白在酵母中的定位有关。本研究初步推测OsABCC10基因参与水稻Na^+的转运,是一个新的耐盐基因。     

基于二次正交旋转组合设计的西葫芦果实 贮前热处理条件的优化

为明确热水处理减轻西葫芦果实冷害的最佳处理条件,以“绿丰”西葫芦为材料,电解质外渗率y为冷害的表征指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用二次正交旋转组合试验设计,研究热处理温度x₁、热处理时间x₂对西葫芦果实表征函数影响,并经统计分析,建立数学模型。 结果表明,所得回归方程为y= 142.608 647-0.690 821x₂ + 0.051 444 x₁² + 0.007 499 x₂²,达到极显著水平,且无失拟因素存在;在热处理（43.3℃、28.4 min）的最佳工艺条件下,于（4±0.5）℃低温下胁迫10 d后西葫芦果实电解质外渗率实测值为33.41%,与理论值相对误差为0.95%,较未处理组降低了27.26%。该试验优化西葫芦果实冷害减轻的热处理工艺参数准确可靠、稳定、可行,为西葫芦采后贮藏技术与果蔬冷害防治的进一步研究提供了一定的技术依据。     

An integrated rice panicle phenotyping method based on X-ray and RGB scanning and deep learning

Rice panicle phenotyping is required in rice breeding for high yield and grain quality.To fully evaluate spikelet and kernel traits without threshing and hulling,using X-ray and RGB scanning,we developed an integrated rice panicle phenotyping system and a corresponding image analysis pipeline.We compared five methods of counting spikelets and found that Faster R-CNN achieved high accuracy(R~2 of 0.99)and speed.Faster R-CNN was also applied to indica and japonica classification and achieved 91%accuracy.The proposed integrated panicle phenotyping method offers benefit for rice functional genetics and breeding.     

Uterine Expression of WNT7A and β-catenin After Induction of Oestrus in Sheep

WNT7A and β-catenin localisations and roles in regulating periimplantation ovine conceptus development under natural estrous conditions have been elaborated.However,their locations and expression patterns have not been reported under induction of oestrus.The localisation,expression and function of WNT7A and β-catenin in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant and non-pregnant sheep on days 10,12,14,16 and 18 following artificial induction of oestrus were investigated by means of in situ hybridisation,real-time RT-PCR,immuno-histochemistry and western blotting methods.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein were both restricted to the apical surfaces of the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE).In pregnant sheep,protein localisation of WNT7A and β-catenin was observed both in the endometrial LE and GE.Their staining presented on day 10,increased between day 12 and day 16,and decreased on day 18.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression increased initially and then decreased from day 10 to day 18,peaking on day 16,and β-catenin reaching a peak on day 18 in the uterine tissues of pregnant sheep (p0.05).By contrast,no significant changes in WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were observed from day 10 to day 18 of the oestrus cycle in the uterine tissues of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Additionally,WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant sheep were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with WNT7A increased the mRNA expressions of β-catenin,c-myc and Cyclin D1.These results provided an underlying mechanism of periimplantation ovine conceptus development under induction of oestrus.     

黄河下游滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物分析

对山东省济南市长清区黄河下游滩地杨树人工林林地土壤微生物数量及分布特征进行了分析,结果表明:滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物主要分布在0～20cm的土层,20～50cm土层的微生物较少;各林地土壤微生物数量明显高于新淤地微生物数量;细菌是滩地杨树人工林林地土壤微生物的主要组成成分,在上、下层土壤中所占比例分别为81.7%～99.1%和75.1%～98.8%;土壤微生物数量随林龄的增长呈现高—低—高的变化趋势,但至林木主伐前,固氮菌和纤维素分解菌数量有所降低;不同管理模式影响微生物的数量,集约经营管理的林分土壤微生物数量较多;滩地杨树人工林土壤微生物数量与土壤颗粒组成密切相关。     

浅谈安全果品生产

叙述了安全食品的定义,论述了食品安全生产的必要性及发展趋势,介绍了绿色食品生产技术。     

喷施新型腐植酸对谷子籽粒产量和品质的影响

为探究灌浆初期喷施新型腐植酸对谷子产量和品质的影响,以清水喷施为对照（NC）,设置腐植酸低（0.75 L/hm², 600×,LC）,中 （3.75 L/hm², 120× ,MC）,高（7.50 L/hm², 60× ,HC）3个浓度梯度,在谷子灌浆初期喷施于叶面,测定产量、穗部性状以及籽粒蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、直链淀粉、黄色素、总黄酮、多酚等多个指标,分析谷子产量及营养品质的变化。结果表明：1） 灌浆初期叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以通过增加千粒重来增加产量,各处理的谷子产量增加幅度由高到低为HC>MC>LC>NC,MC和 HC处理分别比NC增产18.5%和19.4%,谷子增产的最适新型腐植酸浓度介于60~120 ×。2） 灌浆期喷施新型腐植酸可改善谷子籽粒品质,显著提高蛋白质、氨基酸、黄色素、多酚含量（P<0.05）。3）通过主成分分析对不同处理的多个品质指标进行综合分析,总得分由高到低为MC>LC>HC>NC,中浓度（3.75 L/hm², 120×,MC）处理对品质提升效果最好。综上,叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以提升谷子产量,改善籽粒品质,中浓度处理综合表现最好。     

Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Peru Squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was isolated from Peru squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemical properties of the PSC were determined. The PSC exhibited a maximum absorbance at 220 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested the collagen containing α1 and α2 chain was classified as type I collagen. Amino acid composition indicated that the collagen had lower amino acid content than that of mammalian collagen. Denaturation temperature (T_d) of the PSC was 26.8°C. The PSC had relatively high solubility in alkaline condition or NaCl concentrations below 2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen. The lyophilized collagen had a uniform and regular network structure. These results suggested that Peru squid skin was a potential source of collagen for further research and application.     

Effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial aimed to determine the effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Diets with six crude lipid levels (1.9, 13.8, 29.1, 43.6, 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1) were fed to sea cucumbers (initial weights 0.65 ± 0.01 g) at a density of 30 juveniles, once a day. After 60 days, body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. The sea cucumbers fed 1.9 g kg^?1 crude lipid showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) BWG than those of the sea cucumbers fed 59.6 and 71.6 g kg^?1 crude lipid. Intestinal protease and lipase activities generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of body walls generally increased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of body walls reached the maximum value at a dietary lipid level of 13.8 g kg^?1. N‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content followed the same pattern of DHA. According to the growth performance and body composition of sea cucumbers, it can be indicated that the optimum dietary lipid level for juvenile sea cucumbers is between 1.9 and 13.8 g kg^?1.