加强奶牛布病综合防治工作刻不容缓

近年来 ,随着人们膳食结构的变化 ,对奶产品消费的需求日益增加 ,带动农村奶牛养殖的积极性空前高涨。２０００年 ,临猗县存栏奶牛仅１００头 ,分布于２０多个养殖户 ,最多的１２头。２００１年奶牛存栏增加到２１２头 ,比上年翻了一番还多 ,其中最多一户养到近３０头。今年以来 ,养奶牛的户更是有增无减 ,预计年底存栏可望达到３５０头。奶业的发展 ,一方面为农业产业结构调整提供了更大的发展空间 ,另一方面 ,也促进了城乡人民生活质量的提高。“一杯奶可以强壮一个民族”。在这个口号的感召下 ,饮用鲜奶的人群在不断扩大 ,老人和孩子每天…     

酚酸类物质对黄瓜幼苗生长及保护酶活性的影响

 以对羟基苯甲酸和苯丙烯酸为代表性酚酸类物质 ,研究其对黄瓜幼苗生长和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,该 2种酚酸物质对黄瓜幼苗的生长有抑制作用 ,鲜重、株高、茎粗、叶面积均有减小 ,随处理浓度的增加抑制作用增强 ,苯丙烯酸比对羟基苯甲酸具有更强的抑制作用 ;与对照 (CK)相比 ,2种酚酸物质对过氧化物酶 (POD)活性的影响呈现出先升高、然后下降 ,最后低浓度处理有回升趋势而高浓度无回升趋势 ;对过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性的影响则呈现出低浓度处理其活性先升高、然后下降、最后回升的变化趋势 ,高浓度处理首先表现为活性降低、然后略有升高、最后下降而无回升趋势 ;对超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的影响表现出首先高于CK ,然后逐渐下降低于CK ,最后低浓度处理逐渐回升趋于CK ,而高浓度处理无回升趋势。高浓度酚酸类物质使丙二醛 (MDA)含量增加     

猪伪狂犬病毒变异株AH02LA单因子发病模型的建立

2011年以来,猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)变异株在我国多地区流行,造成了严重的经济损失。本研究以主要猪病病原为阴性的仔猪为基础,建立了PRV变异株AH02LA单因子发病模型,并研究了其主要病理学变化。研究发现PRV会引起仔猪非化脓性脑炎,这一病理变化将有助于猪伪狂犬病的临床快速准确诊断。     

澳大利亚墨尔本WHO流感中心对南极洲企鹅的禽流感监测

2013年,澳大利亚墨尔本世界卫生组织流感参考和研究合作中心对南极企鹅开展了禽流感病毒监测。在270份企鹅血样中,检出34份禽流感抗体阳性,抗体阳性率为16%;对301份咽喉?泄殖腔拭子进行禽流感病原学检测,检出8份阳性,病原阳性率为2.5%,并成功分离到4株H11N2禽流感病毒。企鹅携带禽流感病毒这一事实,引发了全球共同抗击全球化动物疫情的思考。     

净、套作下大豆茎秆和籽粒糖氮动态规律研究

碳氮代谢是影响作物产量和品质的主要因素之一,在糖氮运输和储存过程中茎秆起着重要作用。以南豆12和南豆20为供试材料,在净、套作下分析不同生育时期大豆茎秆及籽粒中可溶性糖、氮含量变化规律,明确种植模式对大豆茎秆和籽粒碳氮的影响。结果表明,随着生育时期的推进,南豆12和南豆20茎秆可溶性糖和氮含量在净、套作条件下均呈现“低-高-低”的趋势,糖氮比呈现“低-高”的趋势。大豆从苗期至盛花期,茎秆可溶性糖、氮及糖氮比在净套作条件下差异显著(P<0.05),但从盛荚期至完熟期差异不显著(P>0.05)。净、套作模式下大豆籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比差异极显著(P<0.01),但品种间差异不显著。通过相关性分析,大豆盛花期到鼓粒期茎秆可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比与籽粒可溶性糖、氮含量及糖氮比相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),特别是氮和糖氮比,相关系数最大值达到0.85。这些结果为明确糖氮由茎秆到籽粒的运输规律和套作大豆合理种植栽培参数提供理论支撑。     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

空肠弯曲杆菌（Campylobacter jejuni）是一种人兽共患病病原菌,给养殖业带来了较大经济损失。为实现对空肠弯曲杆菌的快速检测,针对其MapA基因序列设计特异性引物,优化反应条件和反应体系,建立了空肠弯曲杆菌SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行了评估。结果显示：建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性,仅能特异性扩增出空肠弯曲杆菌,对胎儿空肠杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌无交叉反应;敏感性较强,最低检测限为6.42 copies/μL;以5个稀释度的重组质粒为模板分别进行组内和组间重复性试验,发现组内和组间Ct值变异系数（CV）均小于2.50%,说明该方法具有良好的可重复性。结果表明,本研究建立的SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR具有良好的特异性、敏感性及重复性,可用于空肠弯曲杆菌的快速诊断和流行病学调查。     

一起输入性羊痘疫情的暴发调查

2022年2月云南省元江县某农户饲养的山羊出现疑似羊痘病情,袭击率为16.91%(46/272),病死率为45.65%(21/46)。为确定病因,防止病情扩散,开展了紧急流行病学调查。综合病羊临床症状以及现场调查和实验室检测结果,确诊本起疫情为输入性羊痘疫情。通过采取病羊与健康羊群隔开饲养、紧急免疫、对症治疗、消毒、加强饲养管理等干预措施,病情得到有效控制。分析认为,养殖户疫病防控意识淡薄,缺乏生物安全防范意识,调入携带病原羊只混群饲养等是引发病情的主要原因。本次病情警示,养殖场应加强生物安全管理,做好未出售羊群返场的隔离检疫,同时要加强饲养管理,减少应激因素,以预防疫病发生。     

蜡样芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵条件的优化

研究旨在对动物饲料中添加的蜡样芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的发酵条件进行优化。利用正交试验对两种杆菌的生长条件进行优化并验证。研究结果表明:蜡样芽孢杆菌培养的最佳条件为葡萄糖1.5%、蔗糖1.5%、淀粉0.5%、牛肉粉0.5%、蛋白胨1.5%、酵母粉1%、硫酸铵0.5%、培养时间18～20 h,活菌数可达1.3×10¹²CFU/mL,较优化之前的8×10¹¹CFU/mL提高了62.5%。嗜酸乳杆菌最佳生长条件为MRS液体培养基中添加1%大豆蛋白胨、2%葡萄糖、20%番茄汁、发酵时间22 h,最大活菌数达1.9×10¹¹CFU/mL,较优化之前的1.3×10¹¹CFU/mL提高了46.15%。使用优化的条件进行蜡样芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌进行发酵,可以极大地提高发酵水平和活菌数,有效降低生产成本。     

Betaine affects muscle lipid metabolism via regulating the fatty acid uptake and oxidation in finishing pig

Background: Betaine affects fat metabolism in animals, but the specific mechanism is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms of betaine in altering lipid metabolism in muscle tissue in finishing pigs.Methods: A total of 120 crossbred gilts(Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average initial body weight of 70.1 kg were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatments included a corn–soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0, 1250 or 2500 mg/kg betaine. The feeding experiment lasted 42 d.Results: Betaine addition to the diet significantly increased the concentration of free fatty acids(FFA) in muscle(P 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased(P 0.05) and total cholesterol content was increased in muscle(P 0.05) of betaine fed pigs. Experiments on genes involved in fatty acid transport showed that betaine increased expression of lipoprotein lipase(LPL), fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation(FAT/CD36), fatty acid binding protein(FABP3) and fatty acid transport protein(FATP1)(P 0.05). The abundance of fatty acid transport protein and fatty acid binding protein were also increased by betaine(P 0.05). As for the key factors involved in fatty acid oxidation, although betaine supplementation didn't affect the level of carnitine and malonyl-CoA, betaine increased mR NA and protein abundance of carnitine palmitransferase-1(CPT1)and phosphorylated-AMPK(P 0.05).Conclusions: The results suggested that betaine may promoted muscle fatty acid uptake via up-regulating the genes related to fatty acid transporter including FAT/CD36, FATP1 and FABP3. On the other hand, betaine activated AMPK and up-regulated genes related to fatty acid oxidation including PPARα and CPT1. The underlying mechanism regulating fatty acid metabolism in pigs supplemented with betaine is associated with the up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid transport and fatty acid oxidation.