野马追克喘散治疗猪呼吸道疾病效果试验

目的：应用野马追克喘散新兽药对呼吸道综合征进行临床疗效试验,为推广野马追克喘散提供科学依据。方法：将自然感染、症状典型、猪呼吸道综合征的140头病猪（杜长大三元杂交）,平均体重20～25kg,随机分为7个组,每组20头,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组用野马追克喘散治疗,分别以高、中、低剂量给药;第Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别用麻杏石甘散、金花平喘散以常规剂量给药;Ⅵ、Ⅶ组以硫酸卡那霉素注射液（0.2mL/kg体重）和泰乐菌素（0.4mL/kg体重）以常规剂量给药。结果：野马追克喘散的治疗效果较麻杏石甘散和金花平喘散治疗效果好,治愈率也达93.3%。结论：野马追克喘散治疗猪气喘咳嗽疗效较高,收效较快,维持时间较长,是较理想的药物。     

Cryptosporidium spp. in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Henan, China: molecular characterization and public health significance

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in scale quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) farms in Henan Province, China between September 2006 and August 2007. One thousand eight hundred and eighteen fecal samples from 47 quail farms in five areas were collected for the examination of Cryptosporidium oocysts. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 13.1% (95% CI 13.1±1.6%) (29 of 47 farms), with 72-100-day-old quails having the highest prevalence (23.6%, 95% CI 23.6±2.6%) (χ(2)=64.91; ρ<0.01). The highest prevalence was observed in autumn (21.8%, 95% CI 21.8±3.1%) and the lowest in winter (χ(2)=74.83; ρ<0.01). Two hundred and thirty-nine Cryptosporidium-positive samples were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, and 42 were further analyzed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, Cryptosporidium baileyi in 237 birds on 29 farms, and potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium meleagridis in only two birds on two farms. These findings may suggest that quails are not a major source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in the study area.     

紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾轮作模式对其农艺性状和营养品质的影响

为研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa,本试验中记为A）与草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis,本试验中记为K）轮作对其农艺性状和营养品质的影响,本试验以种植5年的紫花苜蓿（A）和草地早熟禾（K）为前茬,在2块草地上分别种植紫花苜蓿（A）和草地早熟禾（K）,即形成AA,AK,KA,KK 4种种植模式,以AK和KA为轮作处理,AA和KK为连作对照。研究了轮作对紫花苜蓿和草地早熟禾各刈割茬次的株高、干草产量、干鲜比、茎叶比、粗蛋白（Crude protein,CP）、中性洗涤纤维（Neutral detergent fiber,NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（Acid detergent fiber,ADF）等指标变化的影响。结果表明：第1~3茬,AK轮作草地早熟禾的株高较KK连作提高6.31%~9.47%,且在第2茬差异显著（P<0.05）。KA轮作紫花苜蓿的株高较AA连作提高6.72%~9.02%,且在第2茬差异显著（P<0.05）。AK轮作的草地早熟禾年干草产量较KK连作提高8.54%,KA轮作的紫花苜蓿年干草产量较AA连作提高11.57%。AK轮作草地早熟禾的干鲜比较KK连作在3茬间差异显著（P<0.05）,且增加幅度大于KA比AA的增加幅度。不同轮作模式对茎叶比的提高在后2茬差异明显。AK轮作下,草地早熟禾的粗蛋白含量比KK提高14.16%~15.95%,增长幅度优于KA比AA的增加幅度。AK轮作和KA轮作的中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维在不同茬次较KK连作和AA连作模式差异显著（P<0.05）。紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾轮作可以提高后茬牧草的株高、干草产量、茎叶比和干鲜比以及粗蛋白含量;并且降低后茬的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维。本试验旨在通过探究紫花苜蓿与草地早熟禾轮作下牧草农艺性状和营养成分的变化情况,为今后豆-禾牧草轮作、草种搭配以及模式排布提供借鉴依据。     

凋亡素基因真核表达载体的构建及在人肿瘤细胞中的表达

为探讨凋亡素对肿瘤的基因治疗效果,构建了凋亡素基因的真核表达载体。将凋亡素基因重组入 ｐｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ３ 载体,并通过脂质体介导凋亡素在人喉癌、人肺癌细胞系中表达;通过 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 在转染细胞中检测到了凋亡素的 ｍ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ,这为应用凋亡素进行肿瘤的基因治疗奠定了基础。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素提取的研究

为探索提取广西产虎纹捕鸟蛛(Selenocosmia huwena)毒素的新方法,选取雌性虎纹捕鸟蛛225只,根据提取方法(直接咬软管法、直接咬瓶法、激怒咬渐法激怒咬瓶冲洗法)分为4组,结果表明,采用直接咬软管法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素2.28 mg,与采用直接咬瓶法所获得的2.19 mg没有显著差异(P>0.05)。采用激怒咬瓶冲洗法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素重量明显高于激怒咬瓶法[(3.41±0.40)mg,(2.99±0.35)mg,P<0.05],亦明显高于直接咬软管法和直接咬瓶法。该试验结果表明,激怒咬瓶冲洗法是一种提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的有效方法。     

丝素/明胶共混膜的结构与溶解性能的初探

将丝素溶液与明胶溶液按不同共混比在不同条件下进行混合,制备成丝素/明胶共混膜。用环境扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热分析系统分别测定共混膜的结构与热性能,采用烘干质量法测定共混膜的溶胀率和溶解率。结果表明:丝素与明胶的共混性好,共混膜结构改变,热稳定性好;烘干时间对共混膜的溶胀率和溶解率影响不显著,不同浓度乙醇处理对溶胀率有极显著影响,不同共混比则对溶胀率和溶解率都有极显著影响。     

旋光法测定硫酸新霉素(饲料级)含量

本文采用旋光法测定硫酸新霉素(饲料级)含量,结果表明,硫酸新霉素浓度为1500～15000U/mL时,浓度与旋光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9996(n=6)。与微生物法相比,旋光法具有简便、快速、易操作等优点。     

16S rRNA基因在细菌菌种鉴定中的应用

本文综述了应用16S rRNA基因作为靶基因对细菌进行鉴定的各种分子生物学技术，并指出应用16S rRNA基因在乳酸菌鉴定方面的研究进展。     

嘉兴平原桑园土壤分类及肥力的调查

选择浙北嘉兴平原桑园代表性土壤，进行调查，研究其成因、分类及特性，并对高低产桑园土壤的理化性状进行化验分析，明确了嘉兴平原桑园土壤是历史上由人工堆迭而成，在分类系统上归属于潮湿土纲、正常潮湿土亚纲、潮土土类、暗潮土亚类、堆迭土土属，又分为粘质堆迭土、壤质堆迭土、粉质堆迭土３个土种。在统计众多土壤理化性状数据的基础上，暂拟本区高产桑园土壤１６项理化性状，作为本地区桑园地力建设的参考。     

Dietary supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract enhances gut health in weanling piglets

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut health in weanling piglets by examining diarrhea frequency, intestinal microbiota and morphology. A total of 96 Duroc× (Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets weaned at 21 days of age with an average initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.4 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups with 4 duplicates of 8 piglets each. The piglets were fed basal diet to which had been added 0 or 1 g/kg of ASE, or 0.7 g/kg antibiotics, respectively. Fecal consistence was monitored twice daily and the frequency of diarrhea was calculated. On day 21 after the initiation of supplementation, 8 piglets were randomly selected from each treatment group (2 piglets per pen) and slaughtered. The jejunum, ileum, colon and cecum were then excised and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution to determine villus height and crypt depth, after their contents were collected to determine microbiota. The results showed that dietary supplementation with ASE increased (P < 0.05) the density of bacterial populations that co-migrated with Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium lituseburens, but decreased (P < 0.05) those co-migrating with Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Ruminococcus forques, and E. coli O157:H7 in the PCR-DGGE profiling analysis when compared with the control group. The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum increased (P < 0.05) by 14.8, 13.7 and 10.0%, while the crypt depth decreased (P < 0.05) by 17.9, 9.1 and 12.1%, respectively, in response to dietary ASE supplementation. Additionally dietary supplementation with ASE or an antibiotic decreased (P < 0.05) the frequency of diarrhea by 55.6 and 52.2%, respectively, compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with ASE could regulate the microbiota composition and maintain a normal morphology of gut mucosa in weanling piglets, thereby decreasing diarrhea that resulted from weaning stress.