H5亚型禽流感疫苗对特禽及水禽的免疫效果观察

用H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗,分别免疫SPF鸡、乌鸡、珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡、火鸡、鸭及鹅,免疫后采血测定其HI抗体,观察我国现有的H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗对特禽及水禽的免疫效力.结果,免疫后3周,SPF鸡、乌鸡、珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡、火鸡、鸭及鹅的平均HI抗体滴度分别为2 7.2、2 7.6、2 4.3、2 4.83、2 4.6、2 6.2及2 5.3,乌鸡两次免疫,其中一次HI抗体为2 9.65.试验证明,SPF鸡、特禽及水禽用H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗免疫后,均能产生一定水平的HI抗体,但不同种类的家禽所产生的HI抗体滴度存在较大差异,以SPF鸡及乌鸡所产生的HI抗体滴度最高,而珍珠鸡、贵妃鸡及火鸡所产生的HI抗体滴度较低,水禽对H5N2亚型禽流感疫苗可产生一定水平的HI抗体.     

箭筈豌豆新品种DUS测试指南研制—测试性状评价和参照品种筛选

以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)制定的植物新品种DUS(distinctness, uniformity and stability)测试指南总则(TG/1/3)、箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南(TG/32/7)等技术文件为指导,对箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南的核心技术内容:测试性状和参照品种等开展了研究。在国内外共收集到51个箭筈豌豆品种,并进行连续2年的田间观测。观测性状总计31个,包括UPOV箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中的23个性状,以及本实验发现有特异性的8个新增性状。对每个测试性状的表达状态、观测时期、测定方法、观测数量等进行了分级和详尽描述。共筛选出32个参照品种(国际21个, 我国11个),确定了123个表达状态。并对UPOV 箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中“外种皮底色”和“种子形状”表达状态的分级进行了补充。本研究结果可为我国箭筈豌豆新品种 DUS 测试指南的制定奠定技术基础,对促进我国箭筈豌豆品种保护、审定和育种工作具有重要的意义。     

关于我国《禁止生物武器公约》履约工作的思考

简要介绍了《禁止生物武器公约》产生背景、发展历史、主要内容、组织结构、履约方式及其在国际军控领域所起的作用以及我国兽医领域履约成效,对未来履约工作进行了深入思考,提出了加强组织建设、加快国家生物安全体系建设、加强国家生防能力建设、加大生物安全和科学家行为准则、职业道德宣传教育和强化生物安全监管合作与交流的建议。     

对官方兽医职位设定问题的探讨

在前期官方兽医管理制度研究的基础上,重点分析了官方兽医在政策制定、设置范围、所属机构、职能职责等方面存在的问题,提出了适应我国国情和兽医事业发展的官方兽医管理建议。     

牛乳溶菌酶概述及应用

溶菌酶又称胞壁质酶,广泛存在于自然界的动物、植物及微生物中。具有抗菌消炎、抗病毒、增强免疫力以及促进组织修复等生物学特性。并且应用于食品、饲料、医学及生物工程之中。针对目前临床中,对于奶牛乳房炎广泛大量使用抗生素,并且存在耐药性、药物残留等现象。重组溶菌酶质粒可以作为基因工程药物替代抗生素对乳房炎的防治,并且安全、无残留、无副作用。同时也还有待于进一步的研发和推广。     

生物活性肽的研究进展

生物活性肽属于多功能因子。随着各种生物活性的不断发现,对其生理功能的不断探究,生物活性肽越来越受到人们的关注。作者对不同来源的生物活性肽,依其不同的生理功能进行了综述,以期为生物活性肽的研发提供参考。     

高羊茅雄性不育株花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为观察

采用卡宝品红染色制片法,对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)雄性不育植株花粉母细胞减数分裂过程及异常行为进行观察,结果发现,高羊茅减数分裂进程与小花大小、花药长度、色泽有较为密切的关系。减数分裂周期具有不同步性,同一制片中可观察到2～4个不同时期的分裂相,这种现象是高羊茅在进化过程中环境适应的一种表现,有利于增强种群繁殖稳定性。本研究还发现,减数分裂过程中存在大量单价体、染色体桥、落后染色体、不均等分离、微核、三分体等异常现象,初步分析确定这些小孢子异常分裂是导致高羊茅花粉败育的重要原因之一。     

多花黑麦草品种间杂交F2代分子标记遗传分析

运用序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)和微卫星标记(SSR)技术对6个多花黑麦草亲本品种及其9个杂交F₂代组合80份材料进行遗传分析。筛选出具有多态性的15对SRAP引物、16对SSR引物,SRAP标记平均每对引物扩增出16.7条带,多态性位点百分率为68.88％。SSR标记平均每对引物扩增出14.75条带,多态性位点百分率为58.05％。通过聚类树状图分析得出结论,杂交F₂代内同一组合基本聚为一类,长江2号×剑宝和长江2号×阿伯德组合除外;父本和母本与其杂交F₂代遗传距离与聚类结果基本一致。同时还发现SRAP标记对杂交F₂代及亲代聚类分析可靠性高于SSR标记。     

Immunogenicity of multiple-epitope antigen gene of HCV carried by novel biodegradable polymers

In order to develop a promising vaccine candidate utilizing a combined approach to induce both antibody production and T-cell activity, the DNA fragment containing MA of HCV with five conserved epitopes was synthesized. Two types of HCV vaccine candidates (the DNA type and DNA/polymers) were constructed using MA. PLA-PEG-PLA and PLGA-PEG-PLGA were synthesized and used as micelles with encapsulated plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-MA. The preparation of copolymers, the cloning and analysis of recombinant plasmid DNA, in vitro expression, and immunogenicity in transgenic mice were evaluated in detail. The results indicated that even single immunization and oral immunization with DNA/polymers achieved satisfying immune responses in vivo tests. As biodegradable and nontoxic triblock copolymers, the novel copolymers demonstrated a great advantage, as they made long-term and single-immunizing vaccines possible; in addition, the copolymers showed a better adjuvant effect and scarcely any side effects.     

Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in dairy calves

Fifteen dairy farms in seven states on the east coast of the US were each visited on two consecutive years to determinate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in pre-weaned (5 days to 2 months) and post-weaned calves (3-11 months), respectively. After each of 971 fecal specimens collected directly from each calf was sieved and subjected to density gradient centrifugation to remove debris and concentrate oocysts, specimens were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For all PCR-positive specimens the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium was sequenced. Cryptosporidium was identified from all farms. Types of housing appeared to have no influence with regard to prevalence of infection. Of 971 calves, 345 were infected with Cryptosporidium (35.5%), but more pre-weaned calves (253 of 503; 50.3%) than post-weaned calves (92 of 468; 19.7%) were found to be infected. A total of 278 PCR-positive specimens characterized by gene sequencing revealed Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, and two unnamed Cryptosporidium genotypes Bovine B (AY120911) and deer-like genotype (AY120910). The prevalence of these Cryptosporidium species and genotypes appeared to be age related between pre- and post-weaned calves. C. parvum, the only zoonotic species/genotype, constituted 85% of the Cryptosporidium infections in pre-weaned calves but only 1% of the Cryptosporidium infections in post-weaned calves. These findings clearly demonstrate that earlier reports on the presence and prevalence of C. parvum in post-weaned cattle that were based solely on oocyst morphology must be reassessed using molecular methods to validate species and genotype. This finding also indicates that persons handling or otherwise exposed to calves under 2 months of age are at greater risk of zoonotic infection from Cryptosporidium than the risk of infection from exposure to older calves.