不同遮荫方式对高羊茅形态和生理变化的影响

采用不同遮荫方式下的高羊茅为试验材料,分别在完全光照和针叶、灌木、阔叶树木3个遮荫条件下评价草坪质量,并测定其主要形态指标、生理生化指标。结果表明:随着遮荫程度的提高,高羊茅的形态上出现株高增加、叶片变长、茎秆纤细、分蘖数减少;同时,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量都有所增加,而叶绿素a/b的比值有所下降。生理上表现为膜透性增大,膜脂过氧化物(MDA)含量增加,可溶性糖含量减小,游离脯氨酸含量增加。对高羊茅遮荫伤害程度:针叶灌木阔叶树木。     

苦马豆的组织培养与快速繁殖

[目的]研究苦马豆的组织培养与快速繁殖的方法.[方法]以苦马豆上胚轴为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度配比,建立苦马豆组培快繁体系.[结果]组织培养与快速繁殖的培养基为:诱导愈伤培养基为MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.25 mg/L;继代培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NA.A0.5 mg/L;诱芽培养基为MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L+ZT0.05 mg/L+AC 0.1;;生根培养基为1/2 MS+ IBA1.5 mg/L+蔗糖(Suc)3;.该组培苗适宜移栽于珍珠岩+蛭石(1∶1)基质中,平均成活率80;.[结论]筛选获得适宜苦马豆上胚轴为外植体的组培快繁的培养条件,为苦马豆快繁体系的建立探索出了一条新的有效的途径.     

滇中城市群绿色空间格局动态变化多尺度研究

以滇中城市群为研究对象,选取滇中城市群2000—2019年3期Landsat遥感数据,通过面向对象分类技术提取3期绿色空间信息,通过GIS空间分析法、转移矩阵模型和景观格局指数法,从总体动态特征、空间转移过程和景观格局指数变化3个方面对滇中城市群2000—2019年绿色空间格局进行城市群、州市和区县的多尺度研究。结果表明：城市群尺度总体上呈现绿色空间缩减,非绿色空间扩张的趋势,绿色空间转移主要发生在林地空间、耕地空间和灌草空间之间,绿色空间景观破碎化程度降低,景观多样性下降;州市尺度上,昆明市、曲靖市和红河州7县市绿色空间缩减程度最为严重,绿色空间景观格局指数也存在不同变化趋势和差异;区县尺度上,林地空间增加幅度较大和耕地空间、灌草空间下降幅度最大的区县均集中在滇中外围,非绿色空间增加幅度最大的区县集中于滇中中部和南部,滇中外围区县绿色空间斑块形状越来越规则,滇中西部区县景观多样性降低。多尺度研究不仅有助于对不同尺度上各个地区绿色空间的总体水平和动态特征进行全面分析,还有助于各级政府从不同尺度上制定相应的绿色空间保护和经济发展措施,对促进建设滇中高原生态宜居城市群具有重要意义。     

PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫处理在筛选油菜抗(耐)旱材料中的应用初析

采用20%、22%、24%、26%四种浓度的PEG6000,对大田试验中表现不同抗(耐)旱的油菜甘、芥种间杂交后代材料进行发芽试验,分析PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫发芽试验筛选油菜抗(耐)旱材料的效果。结果表明:在油菜抗(耐)旱材料筛选中,种子处理的PEG6000浓度以22%~24%为宜,发芽时间以4~8 d为宜。在PEG6000处理浓度低于22%时,发芽指数可作为一个必要的参考指标。     

结合遥感数据对云贵地区蒸散发量及干湿变化特征的研究

利用卫星遥感观测MOD16和全球陆面数据同化系统(GLDAS)的逐月实际蒸散量(MOD16_ETa及GLDAS_ETa)与潜在蒸散发(MOD16_ETp及PM_ETp),探讨了2000-2014年云贵地区蒸散发时空变化规律,并综合利用蒸散发数据与降水数据计算多种干湿指数,分析了云贵地区近15年的干湿变化状况以及蒸散发、...     

Inorganic and organic carbon dynamics in forested soils developed on contrasting geology in Slovenia—a stable isotope approach

Purpose

Soil carbon dynamics were studied at four different forest stands developed on bedrocks with contrasting geology in Slovenia: one plot on magmatic granodiorite bedrock (IG), two plots on carbonate bedrock in the karstic-dinaric area (CC and CD), and one situated on Pleistocene coalluvial terraces (FGS).

Materials and methods

Throughfall (TF) and soil water were collected monthly at each location from June to November during 2005–2007. In soil water, the following parameters were determined: T, pH, total alkalinity, concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and Cl^? as well as δ¹³C_DIC. On the other hand, in TF, only the Cl^? content was measured. Soil and plant samples were also collected at forest stands, and stable isotope measurements were performed in soil and plant organic carbon and total nitrogen and in carbonate rocks. The obtained data were used to calculate the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and DOC fluxes. Statistic analyses were carried out to compare sites of different lithologies, at different spatial and temporal scales.

Results and discussion

Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) controlled by the climate can explain the ¹³C and ¹⁵?N enrichment in SOM at CC, CD, and FGS, while the soil microbial biomass makes an important contribution to the SOM at IG. The loss of DOC at a soil depth of 5 cm was estimated at 1 mol m^?2 year^?1 and shows no significant differences among the study sites. The DOC fluxes were mainly controlled by physical factors, most notably sorption dynamics, and microbial–DOC relationships. The pH and pCO₂ of the soil solution controlled the DIC fluxes according to carbonate equilibrium reactions. An increased exchange between DIC and atmospheric air was observed for samples from non-carbonate subsoils (IG and FGS). In addition, higher δ¹³C_DIC values up to ?19.4?‰ in the shallow soil water were recorded during the summer as a consequence of isotopic fractionation induced by molecular diffusion of soil CO₂. The δ¹³C_DIC values also suggest that half of the DIC derives from soil CO₂ indicating that 2 to 5 mol m^?2 year^?1 of carbon is lost in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon at CC and CD after carbonate dissolution.

Conclusions

Major difference in soil carbon dynamics between the four forest ecosystems is a result of the combined influence of bedrock geology, soil texture, and the sources of SOM. Water flux was a critical parameter in quantifying carbon depletion rates in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon forms.

     

Trp548Met mutation of acetolactate synthase in rice confers resistance to a broad spectrum of ALS-inhibiting herbicides

Herbicide resistance in crop plants is valuable for integrated weed management in agriculture. Herbicide resistant rice, in particular, is important to manageme...     

中国绿洲区划探讨

绿洲的形成与地貌、气候、水分、土壤等自然条件有关,特别是热量条件与人类活动直接影响着绿洲生产力的大小.在对绿洲范畴进行界定的基础上,以气候地带的差异性、地貌单元和内陆河流域的完整性为区划原则,以水热条件、地貌单元、河流属性等为指标,进行绿洲区划;将中国绿洲划分为3大区及14个二级区;阐明了在二级区采用"区、类结合" 的划分方法,以地貌形态成因类型为指标进行绿洲类型的划分,可不再进行三级以下的区划.     

黑木耳漆酶酶学性质分析

从12个黑木耳菌株中筛选出一株黑木耳漆酶高产菌株——地茂1号,对其进行Native—PAGE,发现其含有3种漆酶同工酶。对其发酵液进行酶学性质分析,发现地茂1号在液体培养基中第11天酶活达到最大,为382．6U／L,最适温度为50℃,最适pH值为3．2,温度及pH稳定性较好。