锦屏县毛竹现状分析与产业发展对策

毛竹产业的发展必须以市场为导向,以增加农民收入和促进山区农村经济发展为目标,创新发展方式,加大扶持力度,按照规模上求大、品种上求新、管理上求精的要求,坚持扩大面积与提高种植质量并重,强化科技支持与产业经营体系建设,把毛竹子产业培育成山区经济发展的重要支柱产业。     

First record of the little fire ant,Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Chinese mainland

In January 2022, we received ant specimens collected from three field colonies from Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China. They were identified as the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, through morphological and molecular analyses. Wasmannia auropunctata is listed as one of the 100 most dangerous invasive species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and has spread from its native range in South America to every continent except Antarctica. DNA analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) in nine specimens of W. auropunctata found that they had a close genetic relationship with specimens from Argentina. This study represents the first formal record of the establishment of W. auropunctata outdoor in Chinese mainland. However, the invasion stage and occurrence degree of W. auropunctata in China are not clear to date. The implementation of quarantine measures, investigation of the occurrence and distribution, and development of monitoring and control strategies are needed to actively respond to the threat posed by this highly invasive ant.     

沼液预处理对蔬菜秸秆厌氧消化性能的影响

为探究不同沼液预处理时间对蔬菜秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷特性的影响,以黄瓜、番茄、茄子和辣椒4种蔬菜秸秆为原料,用猪粪沼液在（35.0±0.5） ℃分别处理3、5、7和9 d后进行中温批式厌氧消化试验。结果表明,预处理时间对蔬菜秸秆木质纤维素降解效果及其厌氧消化性能均有较大影响。随着预处理时间的延长,各蔬菜秸秆中纤维素和半纤维素的降解率逐渐提高（1.53%～24.47%和2.11%～52.48%）,但木质素难以降解。不同蔬菜秸秆的最佳预处理时间不同,番茄秸秆和辣椒秸秆的最佳预处理时间均为5 d,最大累积甲烷产量分别为147.95和99.17 mL·g^-1,较未处理分别提升36.52%和26.33%;黄瓜和茄子秸秆的最佳预处理时间均为7 d,最大累积甲烷产量分别为152.42和129.84 mL·g^-1,较未处理分别提升38.00%和27.42%。同时,沼液预处理能够缩短蔬菜秸秆的厌氧消化周期（T₉₀缩短了3～8 d）。整体上,沼液处理后4种蔬菜秸秆的产甲烷性能从大到小依次为：黄瓜秸秆>番茄秸秆>茄子秸秆>辣椒秸秆。综上所述,猪粪沼液作为预处理剂可以有效提高蔬菜秸秆的厌氧消化性能,且最佳预处理时间为5～7 d。     

不同水稻品种中镉及微量元素含量的差异分析

采用盆栽试验,以沈阳农业大学水稻所提供的10个水稻品种为供试作物,在土壤外源添加Cd为2.5,10mg.kg-1,以不添加Cd为对照的条件下,根据方差分析和聚类分析筛选出低镉和高镉积累水稻品种,分析水稻根、茎叶、糙米中Cd含量与Cu,Fe,Mn,P,Si,Zn的相关关系。在Cd添加2.5mg.kg-1的条件下,研究低Cd和高Cd积累水稻品种中Cu,Fe,Mn,P,Si,Zn含量差异。结果表明:供试的10个水稻品种中,品种4和品种5属于低镉积累,品种9属于高镉积累,在Cd添加浓度为2.5mg.kg-1和10mg.kg-1时,2个水稻品种糙米中Cd含量分别相差0.79mg.kg-1和2.61mg.kg-1。水稻根系中Cd与Mn有协同作用,茎叶中Cd与Mn、P有协同作用,糙米中Cd与P有拮抗作用。减少水稻对Mn的吸收量可以降低根系对Cd的吸收,适当增加P的使用量有利于降低糙米中Cd含量。     

Effects of the juice of Fructus Hippophae (JFH) on thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of the juice of fructus hippophae(JFH) on thrombocytopenia in rats.METHODS:Forty-eight wistar rats were divided into control group, model group, Yixuesheng-Jiaonang (YSJN) group and JFH group. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (CTX, 30 mg/kg) or saline once a day for 3 days. And then, Saline, YSJN or JFH was administered (ig) once a day for 11 days. On the second, fouth, sixth and eighth day, the thrombocyte were counted, the mean platelet volume (MPV) and PDW were examined. On the eighth day, the cAMP, cGMP in platelets and platelet aggregation function were also examined.RESULTS:JFH could shorten the time of blood coagulation, increase the count of platelet, and enhance the platelet aggregation function. The experiment also showed that the JFH could decrease cGMP content in platelet.CONCLUSION:JFH could enhance blood coagulation and quality of platelet and prevent thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in rats.     

Balance of Treg/Th17 in synovium of collagen-induced arthritis rats and impact of TNF-α blockage therapy

AIM: To investigate the balance of Treg/Th17 in synovium of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the impact of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) blockage therapy. METHODS: Rat CIA model was established by bovine II collagen injection. The pathological score was evaluated by HE staining and toluidine blue staining. The TNF-α level in plasma was measured by ELISA. The expression of Treg/Th17 in synovium was detected by double staining immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The plasma level of TNF-α in CIA group was significantly higher than that in control group and TNFR-Fc treatment group (P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found between TNFR-Fc treatment group and control group (P>0.05). No significant difference between CIA group and control group in the ratio of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cells/CD4⁺ cells in synovium (23.12%±4.93% vs 24.66%±5.82%, P>0.05) was observed, whereas the ratio in TNFR-Fc treatment group was significantly increased(33.07%±5.14%). The ratio of CD4⁺RORγt⁺Th17 cells/CD4⁺ cells in CIA group was significantly higher than that in control group and TNFR-Fc treatment group (9.74%±2.23% vs 1.00%±0.59%, 5.63%±1.76%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Differentiation disturbance of Treg/Th17 exists in the synovium of CIA rats. TNFR-Fc may restore the balance of Treg/Th17 by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and inducing the production or accumulation of Treg.     

乳山湾东流区海水营养盐消长与盐度的关系

利用数理统计的方法，对乳山湾东流区６－９月间的水化学，水文和生物观测数据进行处理，结果表明６－９月间硝酸盐与盐度有着极显著的负相关关系，６月和９月亚硝酸盐和氮氨与盐度呈显著性相关，而７月和８月养殖高峰期间呈弱相关关系。     

蒜头果叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性分析

为了解蒜头果叶绿体基因组密码子的使用偏性,利用Codon W 1.4.2和CUSP软件对蒜头果叶绿体基因组中33个基因的密码子进行中性绘图,应用ENC−plot、PR2−plot绘图分析并确定了其最优密码子。结果表明：蒜头果叶绿体基因组密码子的第3位碱基GC含量为28.43%,远低于第1位（47.74%）和第2位（41.05%）,RSCU值大于1的密码子有30个,其中12个以A结尾,16个以U结尾,说明蒜头果叶绿体基因组的编码基因偏好以A和U结尾。GC₁₂和GC₃的相关系数为0.1646,相关性不显著,回归系数为0.0004;有效密码子数（ENC）范围为40.39～54.86,大于45的有25个,ENC比值主要分布在−0.05～0.05之外。蒜头果叶绿体基因组中的大部分基因分布在PR2平面图的下半部或右下半部,说明蒜头果叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性更多地受选择的影响,同时亦受其他因素的影响。蒜头果叶绿体基因组的最优密码子确定为UUU、UUA、GUA等18个。     

几种造纸用丛生竹秆节育苗试验

在福建省邵武市对椽竹、孝顺竹、坭竹等几种造纸用丛生竹进行秆节育苗试验表明，用平埋方法育苗显著优于斜埋和直插，竹蔸平埋效果更佳；不同竹种秆节育苗成活率存在明显差异；不同年龄的秆节育苗成活率在不同竹种间表现不同；不同育苗时间（３月或５月）的成活率差异不显著。竹秆不同粗细、不同部位、单节段或双节段育苗对比试验，结果以细秆（胸径２．５ｃｍ）、上部节段、双节段育苗成活率较粗秆（胸径４．６ｃｍ）、下部节段、单节段的为高。椽竹秆节径用不同激素处理后，处理间成苗率差异显著，以２，４－Ｄ２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ处理５ｈ和硼酸２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ处理２４ｈ的效果最佳。几种造纸用丛生竹秆节育苗试验＊张文燕周道三马乃训叶长青曹德友张华明