The phase transition behavior and isothermal micro-phase separation kinetics of polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer were
studied using the synchrotron X-ray scattering (SAXS) method. The structural changes occurring during heating period were
investigated by determining the changes of the one-dimensional correlation function, interfacial thickness and Porod constant.
Based on the abrupt increases of the domain spacing and interfacial thickness, a major structural change occurring well below
the melting transition temperature is suggested. Those changes are explained in terms of melting of the thermodynamically
unstable hard domains or/and the interdiffusion of the hard and soft segments in the interfacial regions. SAXS profile changes
during the micro-phase separation process were also clearly observed at various temperatures and the separation rate was found
to be sensitively affected by the temperature. The peak position of maximum scattering intensity stayed constant during the
entire course of the phase separation process. The scattering data during the isothermal phase separation process was interpreted
with the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion equation. The experimental data obtained during the early stage of the phase separation seems
to satisfy the Cahn-Hilliard spinodal mechanism. The transition temperature obtained from the extrapolation of the diffusion
coefficient to zero value turned out to be about 147±2°C, which is close to the order-disorder transition temperature obtained
from the Porod analysis. The transition temperature was also estimated from the invariant growth rate. By extrapolating the
invariant growth rate to zero, a transition temperature of about 145±2°C was obtained. 相似文献
The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of three different levels of enzyme treatment on the physical characteristics
and the end-use suitability of the lyocell fabrics made with four different types of commercial wood pulp. The appropriate
enzyme concentration for obtaining an optimum as well as consistent physical characteristics and fabric hand trait was 3 g/l for the concentration levels tested in the present investigation. Weight loss was more affected by higher enzyme concentration
than other physical properties. H2 was least affected by enzyme treatment for all three physical properties and fabric hand.
5 g/l concentration exhibited little difference from 3 g/l in the physical characteristics, whereas the KES-FB values indicated a significant loss of fabric hand in most PHVs with
the 5 g/l concentration level. Among different garment parameters, all four fabric types were relatively inappropriate for the men’s
slacks (MS) fabric due to the lower hand value of koshi required by the MS parameter. However, despite the relatively low
koshi values, high fukurami values required for men’s dress shirt (MWDS) resulted in the highest THV among the four garment
parmeters. The four fabric types, which represent the usage of four different wood pulps, in general seem to exhibit a higher
applicability to women’s winter thin dress (WWTD) than women’s winter suit (WWS) garment parameter. 相似文献
The main aim of this research is to systematize the reinforced-earth wall system using the geosynthetic reinforcements in
the weathered granite backfill soils containing relatively large amount of fines with low permeability. As a staged endeavor
to accomplish this purpose, laboratory pullout tests and finite element modeling are carried out focusing on the analysis
of friction characteristics associated with interaction behaviors of the geosynthetic reinforcements composed of geogrid with
outstanding tensile resistance and geotextile with a sufficient drainage properties. In addition, drainage effects of the
geotextile laid below the geogrid are examined based on the analysis of finite difference numerical modeling. From the present
investigation, it is concluded that the geosynthetic reinforcements in the weathered granite backfills can be used to achieve
combined effects of the reduction of deformations and the increase of tensile resistance, together with drainage effects. 相似文献
Animal and/or plant protein sources substituting fishmeal in the diets keep being developed due to its high price. The purpose of this study is to determine response of dietary substitution of fishmeal with silkworm pupae meal, promate meal?, meat and bone meal and/or their combination on the performance of juvenile olive flounder. A 60% fish meal was used as the main protein source, used as the control (Con) diet. The 10 and 20% fishmeal were substituted with silkworm pupae meal and meat and bone meal, referred to as the SPM10, SPM20, MBM10 and MBM20 diets, respectively. And the 10, 20 and 40% fishmeal were substituted with promate meal?, referred to as the PM10, PM20 and PM40 diets, respectively. Finally, the 10 and 20% fishmeal were substituted with combined silkworm pupae meal and promate meal?, refereed to as the SPM + PM10 and SPM + PM20 diets, respectively. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed the MBM10 diet were higher than those of fish fed the Con, SPM20, PM20, PM40 and SPM + PM20 diets. Feed efficiency ratio of fish fed the SPM10, MBM10, MBM20, PM10 and SPM + PM10 diets was higher than that of fish fed the SPM + PM20 and PM40 diets. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the MBM10 and MBM20 diets was higher than that of fish fed the SPM20, PM20, PM40 and SPM + PM20 diets. In conclusion, dietary substitution of fishmeal with 10% SPM, 20% MBM, 10% PM and 10% SPM + PM could be made. 相似文献
This study describes the antioxidant activities and antigenotoxic effects of garlic extracts prepared by different processing
methods. Aged-garlic extract (AGE) showed a significantly higher total phenolic content (562.6 ± 1.92 mg/100 g garlic acid
equivalents) than those of raw garlic extract (RGE) or heated garlic extract (HGE). The SC50 for DPPH RSA in HGE was significantly the highest at 2.1 mg/ml. The SC50 for SOD-like activity in garlic extracts was, in decreasing order, RGE (7.3 mg/ml) > AGE (8.5 mg/ml) > HGE (9.2 mg /ml).
The ED50 of AGE was the highest (19.3 μg/ml) regarding H2O2 induced DNA damage and its inhibition rate was 70.8%. The ED50 of RGE for 4-hydroxynonenal (a lipid peroxidation product) induced DNA damage was 38.6 μg/ml, followed by AGE > HGE. Although
the heat treatment of garlic tended to decrease the TPC and SOD-like activity and increased DPPH RSA, garlic, in general,
has significant antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative DNA damage regardless of processing method. 相似文献
Ribavirin (RBV) is a synthetic guanosine analog that is used as a drug against various viral diseases in humans. The in vitro antiviral effects of ribavirin against porcine viruses were demonstrated in several studies. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the adverse effects and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin following its intramuscular (IM) injection in pigs. Ribavirin was formulated as a double‐oil emulsion (RBV‐DOE) and gel (RBV‐Gel), which were injected into the pigs as single‐dose IM injections. After injection of RBV, all of the pigs were monitored. The collected serum and whole blood samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and complete blood count analysis, respectively. All of the ribavirin‐treated pigs showed significant decreases in body weight compared to the control groups. Severe clinical signs including dyspnea, anorexia, weakness, and depression were present in ribavirin‐treated pigs until 5 days postinjection (dpi). The ribavirin‐treated groups showed significant decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration until 8 dpi. The mean half‐life of the RBV‐DOE and RBV‐Gel was 27.949 ± 2.783 h and 37.374 ± 3.502 h, respectively. The mean peak serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the serum concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf) of RBV‐DOE were 8340.000 ± 2562.577 ng/mL and 16 0095.430 ± 61 253.400 h·ng/mL, respectively. The Cmax and AUCinf of RBV‐Gel were 15 300.000 ± 3764.306 ng/mL and 207526.260 ± 63656.390 h·ng/mL, respectively. The results of this study provided the index of side effect and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in pigs, which should be considered before clinical application. 相似文献
1. A dose-response experiment was conducted with male Korean native ducklings (KND) to evaluate the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirement from hatch to 21 d of age.
2. A completely randomised design with 7 dietary TSAA concentrations (0.62%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.71%, 0.74%, 0.77% and 0.80%) were used with 6 replications per treatment.
3. Body weight (BW) and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). One duckling per pen (n = 6) was killed by cervical dislocation to weigh empty body and drumsticks at the conclusion of experiment.
4. BW was improved significantly with increasing TSAA content, in a non-linear manner. A significant decrease of FCR was shown with increasing TSAA contents. TSAA requirement was determined by taking a mean value after fitting the data to both a linear-plateau and a quadratic-plateau model. Estimated TSAA requirements were 0.70%, 0.70%, 0.66% and 0.70% for the maximum BW, ADG and ADFI and for the minimum FCR, respectively. Increasing TSAA content improved quantity of full body weight (FBW), empty body weight (EBW) and drumstick weight (DSW), but there was no effect on proportion of DSW in relation to EBW and proportion of EBW to FBW.
5. In conclusion, the growth of male KND during 1 to 21 d of age was improved with increasing TSAA content, suggesting optimal TSAA requirements estimated by two analysis models. 相似文献
Surveillance and diagnosis of avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) infection typically involve measurement of serum antibodies. In the current study, eggs instead of serum samples were used for the detection of AMPV antibodies in egg-laying chicken hens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AMPV-free commercial layer hens were experimentally challenged with AMPV strain SC1509 through intravenous or oculonasal administration. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA. AMPV antibodies were detected in egg yolks from challenged hens by 7 days postinoculation (dpi), with the peak titer at 16 dpi. Antibody levels in eggs laid at 28 dpi correlated well (r = 0.93) with sera taken 28 dpi from the same hens. In a field trial of the yolk ELISA, six broiler breeder farms were surveyed, and all tested positive for AMPV antibodies in hen eggs, although positivity varied from farm to farm. Abnormal discolored eggs collected from outbreak farms had significantly higher titers of AMPV yolk antibodies than normal eggs from the same farm, unlike clinically healthy farms, where normal and abnormal eggs had similar antibody titers. These results indicate that diagnosis of AMPV infection by yolk ELISA to detect anti-AMPV antibodies may be a suitable alternative to serologic testing. 相似文献
IgG immunoreactivity to Malassezia pachydermatis was compared in atopic and non-atopic dogs. Malassezia pachydermatis proteins with a molecular weight of 98 kDa were recognized at a significantly higher frequency in the sera of atopic dogs. Most of the atopic dogs with Malassezia dermatitis had a greater IgG response than did normal dogs. 相似文献