The effects of maxillary nerve block,ethmoidal nerve block and their combination on cardiopulmonary responses to nasal stimulation in anesthetized Beagle dogs

ObjectiveTo describe an approach for ethmoidal nerve block (E_BLOCK) and to compare the effects of a maxillary nerve block (M_BLOCK), E_BLOCK and their combination (M-E_BLOCK) on heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (f_R) during nasal stimulation in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled study.AnimalsBeagle dogs (five cadavers, nine live dogs), with a median (interquartile range) weight of 10.5 (10.3–11.0) kg.MethodsThe accuracy of iohexol injections (each 1 mL) at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina in cadavers was evaluated using computed tomography. Then, anesthetized dogs were administered four bilateral treatments separated by 1 week, saline or 2% lidocaine 1 mL per injection: injections of saline at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina (Control), injections of lidocaine at the maxillary foramina and saline at the ethmoidal foramina (M_BLOCK), injections of saline at the maxillary foramina and lidocaine at the ethmoidal foramina (E_BLOCK) and injections of lidocaine at all foramina (M-E_BLOCK). The ventral nasal meatus was bilaterally stimulated using cotton swabs, and HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R were continuously recorded. Values for each variable were compared before and after stimulation using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Changes in variables among treatments were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsComputed tomography revealed iohexol distribution around the openings of the target foramina in all cadavers. In living dogs, HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R significantly increased after stimulation within each treatment (p < 0.03). Physiologic responses were significantly attenuated, but not absent, in the M-E_BLOCK [HR (p = 0.019), SAP, MAP, DAP and f_R (all p ≤ 0.001)] compared with those in the Control.Conclusions and clinical relevanceConcurrent injections of lidocaine at the maxillary and ethmoidal foramina attenuated HR, arterial pressure and f_R responses to nasal stimulation in Beagle dogs.     

西咪替丁在体内对地塞米松预处理鸡免疫状态的影响

对地塞米松预处理鸡投以１０－１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量的西咪替丁,进行了后者对前者作用影响的观察。结果表明：地塞米松能抑制伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（ｃｏｎＡ）引起的鸡外周血淋巴细胞（ＢＰＬ）之ＩＬ－２活性,而西咪替丁对这种抑制作用有显著的拮抗作用;地塞米松能抑制动物对绵工细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）和牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）等２种胸腺依赖性抗原和非胸腺依赖性抗原流产布鲁氏菌（ＢＡ）的抗体应答,但这种抑制作用会因西咪替丁逆转;西     

菠萝果肉酸奶配方筛选及优化

研究以鲜牛奶、菠萝果肉为主要原料,通过正交实验,确定菠萝果肉酸奶生产最佳的工艺条件.结果表明:添加糖4%,菠萝果肉3%,琼脂0.05%,44 ℃条件下发酵3 h,获得的菠萝果肉酸奶品质最佳.另外,产品融合了酸奶和菠萝的风味,组织状态均匀,口感好,丰富了酸奶的品种.     

濒危黑颈长尾雉圈养种群的RAPD遗传多样性分析

运用RAPD技术对黑颈长尾雉圈养种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。从50条随机引物中筛选出14条引物,对24个个体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,从检测出的119个位点中有98个多态位点,占总位点的82．35％,标记的分子量大小范围是0．2～3kb。24个个体问的遗传距离幅度0．1597～0．4874,平均是0．2810;用软件NTsys2．10e构建了24个个体相互关系的分支图,24个个体可分为3个类群。实验表明：黑颈长尾雉圈养种群的遗传多样性水平较高,圈养种群内遗传差异性较大。     

血清中不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素浓度的绵羊感染绵羊肺炎支原体后免疫因子表达的变化

为研究中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)浓度感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)的免疫因子水平变化,本研究选择血清中MBL高、低浓度的绵羊各6只(感染组和对照组各3只),感染组人工感染MO,分别在人工感染前和感染后不同时间,采用荧光定量PCR法检测血液中血清因子及补体表达水平。结果显示,不同MBL浓度的绵羊人工感染后MBL m RNA水平呈下降趋势,MBL高浓度促炎因子IL-2和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平较高,抗炎因子IL-4的m RNA表达水平在感染后1 d升高,此后开始下降,而IL-4的m RNA水平在14 d后有所升高;MBL低浓度羊感染后其TNF-α的m RNA水平显著升高,随炎症的缓解,逐渐降低;补体C1和C3的m RNA在感染后表现出不同的变化,MO感染可以激活补体途径。本研究结果表明,低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎具有一定的相关性,MBL不同浓度组之间其IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平存在差异,低浓度MBL的绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应。     

现代住区园林景观的家园意象设计探究

国内现代住区园林建设问题主要集中在景观形式浅薄化和社区归属感缺失两个方面。为承载有意义的社区生活文化内容,促进居民审美价值判断的形成,并让住区园林满足居民的情感诉求,从而实现居民的家园愿景,需要填补家园意象设计的空白,让寄托着人对理想家园永恒追求的情感与愿望通过园林景观成功传递实意信息。基于从唐诗中提炼意象实体作为意象设计的思路,探究住区园林景观家园意象的设计原理和设计方法,以期为国内住区园林景观设计工作者提供参考和借鉴。