不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃抗寒性的影响

为了解不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃抗寒性的影响,以"中宁强""中宁异""加州黑"和"核桃"作砧木,嫁接‘绿岭’核桃的2年生幼树为试材,分别在-5、-10、-15、-20、-25、-30℃低温胁迫后,测定其1年生枝条的电解质渗出率、丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等指标,分析其耐寒能力。结果表明:随着胁迫温度的下降,4种砧木的‘绿岭’核桃枝条的电解质渗出率呈‘S’型上升趋势,"中宁强""中宁异""加州黑""核桃"砧木‘绿岭’核桃的半致死温度分别为-21.7、-22.3、-25.3、-22.8℃;丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化均呈先升后降的趋势,丙二醛含量在-25℃出现峰值;保护酶活性、脯氨酸含量在-20℃出现峰值;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量峰值出现在-15℃;运用隶属函数法进行抗寒性综合评价,得出4种砧木‘绿岭’核桃抗寒顺序为"加州黑""核桃""中宁强""中宁异",表明在抗寒性方面,"加州黑"是适合‘绿岭’核桃的砧木。     

六六六在生态环境中的行为特征与起用林丹的科学依据

本文根据80年代初中国生态环境中六六六的污染概况,特别是六六六各异构体在植物、动物样品中的残留水平,在土壤中的消解、被作物吸收和在食物链中生物浓缩的特     

小叶杨胆碱单氧化物酶(CMO)基因的克隆与转化杂种落叶松及表达

甜菜碱是在生物界广泛存在的一类细胞相容性物质,它不仅能使细胞在干旱等胁迫条件下与环境保持渗透平衡,而且还具有稳定复杂蛋白质高级结构的能力。胆碱单氧化酶(CMO)在植物体中是催化胆碱转变为甜菜碱的关键酶,单独转化CMO基因的转基因植物可以完成甜菜碱的合成,起到抗盐、耐旱的作用。小叶杨是我国特有乡土树种,具有抗旱、耐瘠薄、适应性广、生长优良、寿命长等特性,在荒沙及黄土高原区均能生长。本研究以小叶杨为材料构建了干旱胁迫和正常生长条件下的cDNA文库,以特异性引物从中扩增出一条1269bp大小的DNA片段,经序列分析证实该片段编码胆碱单氧化物酶(CMO);将该片段构建入植物表达载体pBI121中,在落叶松杂交育种中利用花粉管通道法将带有该CMO基因的植物表达质粒转入杂种落叶松,收获球果取出种子,提取转化种子发芽长出幼芽的DNA,特异性PCR扩增和Southern、WesternBlotting检测证实落叶松中CMO基因的插入。因此,我们不仅克隆得到了小叶杨编码胆碱单氧化物酶(CMO)的基因,还将其导入杂种落叶松,得到CMO超重表达的转基因杂种落叶松。     

枯草芽胞杆菌与氟环唑联用对禾谷镰孢霉的增效作用机制

为验证枯草芽胞杆菌与氟环唑联用对禾谷镰孢霉的增效作用,用平板倒扣法和固体平板扩散法—打孔法测定菌药联用后枯草芽胞杆菌挥发性物质、抗真菌蛋白对禾谷镰孢霉的抑菌活性,观察抗真菌蛋白对禾谷镰孢霉菌丝形态的影响,并用刚果红染色法测定菌药联用后枯草芽胞杆菌纤维素酶活性。结果表明:菌药联用对禾谷镰孢霉的最高抑菌活性可达74.44%,表现增效和持效作用;枯草芽胞杆菌挥发性物质和抗真菌蛋白分别与氟环唑联用均可增强禾谷镰孢霉抑菌活性;菌药联用后枯草芽胞杆菌纤维素酶活性提高。研究表明枯草芽胞杆菌与氟环唑联用的增效机制是增强枯草芽胞杆菌挥发性物质对禾谷镰孢霉的抑菌活性,抗真菌蛋白活性的提高加强了禾谷镰孢霉菌丝溶解的程度,纤维素酶活性的增强提高了禾谷镰孢霉空间竞争作用和生物防治潜能。     

氮肥与硫肥施用对相同HMW-GS组分春小麦产量与品质的影响

黑龙江是中国重要的强筋春小麦产区,虽然培育出了多个优质强筋麦品种,但是如何通过合理的施肥技术等保证小麦品质已成为黑龙江小麦生产的重要问题。为此,笔者在相同HMW-GS背景下研究了氮肥与硫肥施用对小麦产量与品质的影响。试验分设4个施肥处理（未施肥、单施纯硫50kg／hm^2、单施纯氮150kg／hm^2、纯硫50kg／hm^2＋纯氮150kg／hm^2）。结果表明：不同小麦品种（系）在不同的施肥处理下,小麦的千粒重、容重和产量都发生了显著变化,单施硫肥、氮肥以及二者混合施用提高了小麦的籽粒产量,尤以硫肥与氮肥混合处理的效果最好。氮肥与硫肥的不同处理对小麦籽粒的蛋白质、湿面筋含量以及沉降值都有明显影响。施硫肥、氮肥以及2种肥料混施提高了上述品质指标。综合研究表明,在3种处理方式上。氮肥与硫肥混合施用对产量和品质指标的影响最大。因此,生产上在提高氮肥用量的同时,可通过增施硫肥,以达到小麦高产优质目的。     

The role of toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is an important agent of swine and human meningitis. Sequence type (ST) 7 emerged in China and was responsible for the human epidemic caused by S. suis in 2005. The virulence of S. suis ST7 is greater than the wild type pathogenic S. suis, ST1; however, the mechanisms for this increased pathogenicity are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of different toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in regulating the host response to the S. suis infection and to speculate on differing mechanisms used by ST7 strains to induce disease. Here we compared two ST7 strains isolated in the 2005 Sichuan outbreak to two ST1 strains. Our data show TLR2, 6 and 9 are involved in the recognition of heat-killed S. suis independent of the ST type. We found the TLR-dependent cytokine production differed between the two types of strains using whole cell lysate proteins. TLR6 played a greater role in cytokine production induced by the whole cell lysate proteins from the ST7 strain than in that induced by the ST1 strain lysates. The data suggest that mechanisms of inflammation induced by S. suis strains differ where this will be useful in designing efficient strategies in combating streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by the S. suis ST7 strains.     

Protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coats on UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo

UVB radiation proves to be one of the most relevant environmental risks because of its hazardous effects, such as premature skin aging and especially skin photocarcinogenesis. Anthocyanins, water-soluble pigments present in plants, are known to be powerful antioxidants that help protect plants from UV damage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of anthocyanins from black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] seed coats on UVB-induced apoptosis, and furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism responsible for regulation of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with anthocyanins reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species levels and inhibited UVB-induced apoptotic cell death through the prevention of caspase-3 pathway activation and reduction of proapoptotic Bax protein levels. UVB irradiation induced apoptotic cell death, which was inhibited by topical application of anthocyanins in hairless mice. It is concluded that anthocyanins from the seed coat of black soybeans may be useful compounds to modulate UVB-induced photoaging.     

Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the testes of pigs

This study examined the expression of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the testes of pigs. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS in interstitial cells, primary spermatocytes and spermatids. Positive immunoreactions for eNOS and iNOS were detected in peritubular myoid cells. Some vascular endothelial cells were positive for nNOS and eNOS. The expression of nitrotyrosine was detected in interstitial cells. In addition, the histochemical study revealed that all the interstitial cells were stained positively for NADPH-diaphorase, although some spermatids and vascular endothelial cells displayed moderate enzymatic activity. These findings suggest that three isoforms of NOS are expressed in the testis of pig and that they play important roles in the biology of interstitial cells that produce testosterone, as well as in spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules.     

利用SOM聚类分析及主成分分析方法鉴定小麦品种萌发期耐盐性

为了研究不同小麦品种萌发期的耐盐性,为小麦萌发期耐盐性鉴定提供快速、准确的鉴定方法和理论依据.本研究以40个冬小麦品种为试验材料,通过主成分分析法(PCA)与神经网络自组织映射(SOM)聚类分析法,研究盐胁迫对40个小麦品种萌发期各项形态指标的影响.主成分分析法结果表明,发芽势、发芽率、最长根长、第一片叶长及胚芽鞘长在...     

Dietary available phosphorus requirement for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CASIII)

A 57‐day growth experiment was conducted with juvenile gibel carp (13.48 ± 0.10 g) in a flow‐through system to study the effect of dietary phosphorus on growth performance, body composition, nutrition utilization, phosphorus loading and enzymes activities. Seven semipurifed diets were formulated to contain 0.07 (the basal), 2.27, 5.32, 8.10, 12.06, 15.24 and 19.48 g available phosphorus/kg diet. The results showed that specific growth rate, body length and feed efficiency significantly increased in the fish fed diets containing 0.07 to 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05). Ash and P content increased in fish fed diets containing 0.07–12.06 P g/kg (p < .05) and then levelled off, while moisture, crude protein and lipid had no significant difference (p > .05). The protein retention efficiency increased in the fish fed with diets 0.07–5.32 g/kg P (p < .05) and then reached a plateau. The P content in faeces was higher in fish fed diets containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg. Total P concentration in tank water increased in fish fed 0.07–12.06 g available P per kg diet (p < .05). The plasma P was higher in the fish fed with 15.24 g available P/kg diet (p < .05), triglycerides was lower in the fish fed diet containing 15.24 and 19.48 g available P/kg (p < .05), no significant differences were observed in plasma Ca, plasma glucose and calcitonin (p > .05). Based on SGR, whole body P content and FE, dietary available P requirement for juvenile gibel carp were 13.37, 13.97 g/kg and 15.06 respectively.