不同氨基酸组合对真鲷(Chrysophrys major)诱食效果的研究

试验以真鲷为试验对象,采用迷宫法,以丙氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸作为诱食剂原料,经不同组合后测定其对真鲷的诱食效果。结果显示,甘氨酸+组氨酸的诱食效果最好,其各种组合的诱食效果依次为甘氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸>甘氨酸>组氨酸>丙氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+甘氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+精氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸。     

查询分页技术在农副产品加工数据库设计中的应用

分页是数据库设计中的一项技术，许多Web应用程序用它来浏览大量记录。本文以农副产品加工品质数据库系统设计为例，介绍在数据库查询中基于ADO存取方式的分页技术的实现方法。     

Comparative evaluation of MCP gene in worldwide strains of Megalocytivirus (Iridoviridae family) for early diagnostic marker

Members of the Iridoviridae family have been considered as aetiological agents of iridovirus diseases, causing fish mortalities and economic losses all over the world. Virus identification based on candidate gene sequencing is faster, more accurate and more reliable than other traditional phenotype methodologies. Iridoviridae viruses are covered by a protein shell (capsid) encoded by the important candidate gene, major capsid protein (MCP). In this study, we investigated the potential of the MCP gene for use in the diagnosis and identification of infections caused Megalocytivirus of the Iridoviridae family. We selected data of 66 Iridoviridae family isolates (53 strains of Megalocytivirus, eight strains of iridoviruses and five strains of Ranavirus) infecting various species of fish distributed all over the world. A total of 53 strains of Megalocytivirus were used for designing the complete primer sets for identifying the most hypervariable region of the MCP gene. Further, our in silico analysis of 102 sequences of related and unrelated viruses reconfirms that primer sets could identify strains more specifically and offers a useful and fast alternative for routine clinical laboratory testing. Our findings suggest that phenotype observation along with diagnosis using universal primer sets can help detect infection or carriers at an early stage.     

基于GF-1影像的沿淮地区冬季耕地撂荒遥感调查应用

耕地作为一种稀缺资源对国家和农民来说都具有极其重要的意义,但随着市场经济的深入和农村经济的发展,农村耕地撂荒现象时有发生,撂荒耕地必然导致土地资源浪费,影响到中国粮食安全和农民增收,也不利于农村经济社会稳定发展。沿淮地区是安徽省乃至全国重要的商品粮生产基地,但近年来冬季撂荒情况日益严重。该文拟选取安徽省霍邱县,利用2015、2016、2017三年冬小麦生长期内的GF-1卫星16 m多光谱影像,提取霍邱县冬季作物种植的空间分布和面积,通过多年数据对比,来分析霍邱县近年冬季耕地撂荒情况。结果显示:2015、2016、2017三个年度冬小麦种植面积分别为937.72,821.79,608.91km~2。参照2015年度冬小麦种植情况,2016年度冬季撂荒面积115.93 km~2、占比12.36%,2017年度冬季撂荒面积328.81 km~2、占比35.06%。结合实地调研分析,霍邱县近年来冬季撂荒面积不断增大的的主要原因有农田排灌等水利设施不足、稻茬麦效益低、外出务工等。而2017年度撂荒面积明显增加的直接原因是冬小麦播种期间,出现连续阴雨异常天气,低洼地区田间积水严重,致使冬小麦无法播种,被动撂荒。该文的研究可以为沿淮地区冬季撂荒遥感调查提供技术参考。     

对鳞翅目害虫有活性的cry1C基因的克隆和表达

在鉴定苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis，简称Bt)Btc001菌株cry基因型的基础上，构建了Btc001菌株质粒DNA HindⅢ片段的文库，并利用聚合酶链式反应-限制性酶切片段多态性(PCIR-RFIP)方法筛选出含有crylC6全长基因的13．5kb大片段，酶切分析得到该片段的物理图谱，BamHI和EcoRI切完成了6．5kb含全长基因的亚克隆，并对这条6．5kb片段亚克隆、测序，序列在国际核酸序列数据库(GenBank)登记(AY007686)，并由Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因国际命名委员会命名为cry1Cb2基因。根据序列设计了一对用于扩增全长基因的引物S581CB和S381CB，扩增产物插入表达载体pET-21b中，诱导后在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得高效表达。表达产物对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)表现出较高活性，LC50达到7．9μg/ml。     

Geospatial delineation of South Korea for adjusted barley cultivation under changing climate

Determining effective measures to alleviate the impact of climate change on crops under various regional environments is one of the most urgent issues facing agriculture. In this study, geographic regions of South Korea for future-adjusted barley cultivation were outlined and the impact of climate change on barley production in the next 100 years was evaluated under two greenhouse gas concentration trajectory scenarios: the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5. To achieve our intended study goals, a geospatial crop simulation modeling (GCSM) scheme was formulated using CERES-barley model of Decision Support System for Agricultural Technology (DSSAT) crop model package version 4.6 to simulate grid-based geospatial crop yields. Two experiments were carried out at an open field to obtain model coefficients for the nation and at temperature gradient field chambers to evaluate the performance of the CERES-barley model under elevated temperature conditions. Suitable cultivation regions for three different types of barley (naked, hooded, and malting) under changing climate were projected to expand to the northern regions under both RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5. However, they were projected to expand more rapidly under RCP 8.5 than those under RCP 4.5. Projected yields of four barley varieties were increased with a slow phase as year progressed under RCP 4.5 scenario. However, they were rapidly increased under RCP 8.5 scenario. It appears that geospatial variation in barley yield under changing climate can be effectively outlined. Therefore, GCSM system might be useful for determining impacts of climate change on geospatial variations of crops, potentially providing means to impede food insecurity.     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study on the relationship between genetic variation of DNA methylation and heterosis in soybean leaves

In order to well understand the molecular basis of heterosis in soybean, the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) method based on capillary electrophoresis was used to estimate levels and patterns of cytosine methylation in 15-day post-emergence leaves of four parental lines [Jilin 47 (no. 19), EXP (no. 12), Jilin 38 (no. 3) and Yi 3 (no. 6)] and 12 hybrids [Jilin 38 × Yi 3(3 × ?6), Jilin 38 × ?EXP(3 × ?12), Jilin 38 × ?Jilin 47(3 × ?19), Yi 3 × ?Jilin 38(6 × ?3), Yi 3 × ?EXP(6 × ?12), Yi 3 × ?Jilin 47(6 × ?19), EXP × Jilin 38(12 ×?3), EXP × Yi 3(12 × ?6), EXP × ?Jilin 47(12 × ?19), Jilin 47 × ?Jilin 38(19 × ?3), Jilin 47 × Yi 3(19 × 6), Jilin 47 × EXP(19 × 12)]. In addition, 12 traits of the hybrids and their parents were also analyzed to understand the relationship between DNA methylation variation and heterosis. MSAP results showed that the total relative methylation level of all hybrids was lower than the corresponding middle parent value, indicating that the methylation degree was decreasing. And may express a variety of genes related to the phenotypic variation of hybridization. Moreover, the hemi-methylation levels of Jilin 38 × Jilin 47 and Yi 3 × Jilin 47 hybrids and full-methylation levels of EXP × Yi 3 and EXP × Jilin 47 hybrids was significant higher than the corresponding mid-parent values. In addition, the heredity of methylation from parents in hybrids is more than the variations, in which there were four types appeared great higher: A1, B4, B8, and D2. Furthermore, the results of relationship between genetic variation in DNA methylation and heterosis showed that the hypo-methylation had a promoting effect to increase node number, and the hype-methylation of hybrids was helpful to add to stem thick. Our results may provide new insights into well understanding the molecular mechanisms of heterosis at the epigenetic level in soybean.     

大孔树脂对紫甘薯色素的吸附与解吸特性研究

为了选择紫甘薯色素粗提液纯化性能较好的树脂,采用AB-8型、S-8型、NKA-II型和NKA-9型4种大孔树脂对紫甘薯色素进行了吸附与解吸试验,研究了大孔树脂对紫甘薯色素的静态吸附动力学曲线、吸附等温曲线及解吸特性。结果表明：在4种树脂中,AB-8型树脂吸附平衡的速率常数为最大,对紫甘薯色素的吸附量和解吸量分别是S-8、NKA-II及NKA-9的119%,139%,118%和105%,116%,118%,因而AB-8型大孔树脂是用于纯化紫甘薯色素较为合适的吸附剂,解吸时宜选用60%乙醇溶液。