直插式免耕穴播机的设计

针对舵轮式覆膜穴播机存在的问题,设计了垂直插入式免耕穴播机。运用四杆机构原理,设计了成穴器—鸭嘴直立接种、垂直入土和出土;采用地轮传动凸轮-连杆机构实现了鸭嘴插入土壤后的接近水平零位移运动;鸭嘴采用了定点强制开启投种。分析表明:该机成穴播种机构设计合理,穴粒数合格率较高,无空穴,成穴器不堵土,不挑膜,穴孔合理,易于覆土。     

Hydrus-1D模型在田间水循环规律分析中的应用及改进

为分析农田水分运移规律,以华北平原位山引黄灌区典型田间为研究对象,应用Hydrus-1D模型连续模拟了 2006－2009年的田间水分运移过程。对模型中表面阻抗的计算方法进行了改进,从而改善了蒸散发的模拟结果,与涡度相关系统的实测蒸散发数据对比表明了改进的合理性。对蒸散发的分析表明,对于种植季节性作物的农田,叶面积指数（leaf area index,LAI）是影响蒸散发季节变化过程的重要因素,而气象条件主要决定其在较短时间尺度（如一周）内的波动。与时域反射仪（time domain reflectometry,TDR）实测土壤含水率的对比表明,模型对土壤含水率的模拟精度较高。水量平衡分析结果表明,降雨和灌溉的80%由蒸散发消耗,在汛期农田通过排水发生田间渗漏损失。     

锌、铜对实验性钼中毒绵羊肝脏、肾脏中钼含量的影响

小尾寒羊20只,随机分为5组,分别口服钼、铜和锌(mg/kg),Ⅰ组30mg/kg钼、Ⅱ组30mg/kg钼+15mg/kg铜、Ⅲ组30mg/kg钼+15mg/kg锌、Ⅳ组30mg/kg钼+15mg/kg铜+15mg/kg锌,Ⅴ组去离子水。试验90d期满,采取肝脏和肾脏,硫酸-高氯酸消化,原子吸收法测定钼、锌、铜含量,结果显示,Ⅰ组肝脏钼含量与第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);Ⅳ组肝脏铜含量与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01),与Ⅱ组差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅱ组肝铜含量与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);组间肝脏锌含量均差异极显著(P<0.01)。Ⅰ、Ⅲ组肾钼含量显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组(P<0.01);Ⅱ与Ⅳ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);肾铜含量Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组差异极显著(P<0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ、Ⅴ组差异极显著(P<0.01);各组肾脏锌含量差异均极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,30mg的钼可使肝脏钼含量显著增加(P<0.01),锌、铜含量降低。锌对肝脏钼有很好的颉抗作用,铜、锌有效地降低了钼在组织中的蓄积。     

蛋氨酸铁在猪营养中的应用研究 Ⅱ.对断奶仔猪生长的影响

在断奶仔猪日粮中添加蛋氮酸铁进行了两次饲养试验.试验结果表明,在35～80日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加60ppm 蛋氨酸铁,试验组和对照组的日增重分别为496～566和439～514克/天,料肉比分别为1.98～2.18∶1和2.12～2.45∶1。添加蛋氨酸铁后,生长猪的日增重、饲料效率和经济效率分别提高9.99～12.98%,6.60～10.61%和18.16～28.47%.     

Effects of inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) silage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, direct‐cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) silages were prepared by using a rolled‐bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7–14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia‐N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB‐inoculated silage, whereas LPLBc‐treated silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc‐inoculated silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.     

中草药在养猪业替抗中的作用和应用

抗生素广泛运用于治疗各种疾病以及添加至饲料中促进畜禽生长。然而,随着抗生素在畜禽生产中的长期大量使用和滥用添加,使诸如细菌耐药性增强、机体免疫力下降、畜产品抗生素残留等问题开始出现在人们的视线中。这些问题,危害着动物健康和食品安全,更严重危害着人类健康。为了解决这些问题,人们开始寻找各种抗生素替代品。文章概述了中草药（中兽药）在动物养殖业中的六大功能和作用,包括促进生长发育、抗腹泻、防控疫病、增强免疫力、双向调节免疫平衡、提升繁殖力和改善猪肉品质等,达到标本兼治和营养体系、微生态体系和免疫因子体系的“三体平衡”。中草药在养猪业已成为替代抗生素的中坚力量和无抗饲养前沿研发热点,为预防和控制猪只免疫抑制、亚健康、腹泻和呼吸道等混合感染提供了独特的方法思路和更现实的解决方案。文章也提出并分析了验证中药疗效的两种体系和方法。     

我校教材建设存在的问题及对策

分析我校教材建设工作现状及存在的问题，从教材编写、教材选用、教材正式出版、教材研究、提高教材多样性等方面提出自己的看法及对策。     

我国牦牛源冠状病毒流行现状分析

为了解我国牦源牛冠状病毒(BCoV)流行现状,通过查阅文献资料方法,汇总分析我国牦牛主产地区的BCoV检测情况。资料显示:2012年以来,我国青海、四川、新疆、西藏等牦牛主产省(自治区)的牦牛群中普遍存在BCoV感染且感染率较高,平均血清抗体阳性率多在80%以上,病原学阳性率多在60%以上。需采取加强饲养管理、控制混合感染、做好隔离净化等措施,控制牦牛群中的BCoV流行。我国的BCoV研究起步较晚,流行病学方面的报道较少,有必要进一步加强该病毒在牦牛中致病机理、流行情况和防治技术等方面的调查研究。本文为掌握我国牦牛中的BCoV流行情况及其防控提供了参考。