林木害虫刺桐姬小蜂风险分析

刺桐姬小蜂（Quadrastichus erythrinael Kim）是我国大陆新发现的有害生物，根据刺桐姬小蜂的国内分布状况、潜在经济危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度等方面对其进行了风险分析，结果表明刺桐姬小蜂为我国风险中度偏高的有害生物。作者提出了检疫管理及除治措施。     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病组合用药防控技术示范效果初报

2012年顺昌县开展南方水稻黑条矮缩病组合用药防控技术示范。示范结果表明:先正达产品组合噻虫嗪70%种子处理可分散剂拌种+秧田1叶1心期吡蚜酮25%水分散粒剂喷雾+移栽前2d噻虫嗪25%水分散粒剂喷雾+本田移栽后7d毒死蜱48%乳油+氨基酸12%水溶性液剂喷雾+移栽后15d吡蚜酮25%水分散粒剂+氨基酸12%水溶性液剂喷雾防控效果最好达99%。     

Identification and expression pattern of a glutathione S‐transferase in Echinochloa crus‐galli

Plant glutathione S‐transferase (GST) forms a major part of the herbicide detoxification enzyme network in plants. A GST cDNA was isolated from Echinochloa crus‐galli and characterised. The gene, designated EcGST1 (E. crus‐galli GeneBank no: JX518596 ), has a 684 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 25 kD protein. Sequence alignment showed that EcGST1 is a GST homologue. Its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was monitored in seedlings (leaves and roots) and adult plants (leaves, roots, stems and seeds) of quinclorac‐resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of E. crus‐galli. EcGST1 expression was 1.5–3 times greater in the R plants than in the S plants. However, after exposure to quinclorac, the difference in the expression levels of EcGST1 in R plants, compared with S plants, increased to a ratio of 6–10. Enhanced EcGST1 levels should enable greater quinclorac detoxification following quinclorac stimulation in R plants. GST‐based metabolism may be partially responsible for resistance to quinclorac in E. crus‐galli. The results suggest a new resistance mechanism for this R biotype in Chinese rice fields.     

小麦黄色花叶病毒不同分离物外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列的比较分析

 核苷酸序列分析结果表明,小麦黄色花叶病毒(W YMV)不同分离物的外壳蛋白基因存在一定的差异。邓州分离物CP基因在其31~33nt处均缺失了3个核苷酸,其余分离物与潢川分离物及日本分离物长度一致,均为882nt。不同分离物CP基因核苷酸序列同源性为97.3%~98.9%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性为97.6%~99.3%,外壳蛋白N末端的110个氨基酸和C末端的55个氨基酸在各个分离物间是高度保守的。潢川分离物有5个氨基酸与其它5个分离物明显不同。WYMV不同分离物外壳蛋白序列分析结果进一步确认了WYMV与WSSMV为Bymovirus属的2种不同病毒。     

进境哈萨克斯坦向日葵种子中向日葵黑茎病菌的鉴定

自进境哈萨克斯坦向日葵种子中,采用常规平板分离法获得1株疑似向日葵黑茎病菌Plenodomus lindquistii菌株LL4,通过生物学性状、ITS序列测定和比对分析及致病性测定等方法对其进行了鉴定。结果表明,该病菌在PDA平板上培养初期菌丝无色,分隔分枝多,后期菌丝褐色或深褐色,常膨大;分生孢子器暗褐色,分散或聚集,球形、近球形或不规则形,大小为71.2~361.8μm;分生孢子形态变化较大,无色,单孢,肾形至椭圆形,大小为3.6~8.2μm×2.2~3.7μm,常含有2个油球;培养期间未见有性阶段。基于ITS序列分析比对发现,菌株LL4与Gen Bank中多个向日葵黑茎病菌分离物序列同源性达99%以上,系统进化树显示其与其它向日葵黑茎病菌分离物聚在同一个分支。菌株LL4可侵染向日葵根茎部,造成典型黑茎病症状。表明分离获得的菌株LL4为向日葵黑茎病菌P.lindquistii。     

Γ（Gamma）分布及其在辽东天然阔叶混交林中的应用

本又从Γ分布的构造及性状入手，研究了用Γ分布拟合天然阔叶混交林直径分布结构，取得了拟合成功率为９５．２％的理想结果，较原林业中常用的Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布的拟合成功率提高了１９．０％。     

水稻穗上发芽的差异蛋白质分析

采用IEF-SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术,对穗上发芽的水稻胚芽进行蛋白质分离,获得清晰的电泳图谱。结果表明:同一品种未发芽和穗上发芽的水稻胚芽蛋白质电泳图谱基本一致,体现了其蛋白质组分的稳定性,同时未发芽和穗上发芽的水稻胚芽蛋白质也具有各自的特异性。从图谱中得到50个差异表达的蛋白质,其等电点多集中在pH5.0-6.5之间,分子量多集中在14.4-67.0ku之间。这些差异蛋白的分析结果为今后进一步研究水稻穗上发芽的分子机理奠定了试验基础。     

优质晚籼稻产量因素分析及育种应用探讨

对62份优质晚籼稻新品系产量因素进行相关分析和通径分析．结果表明：各产量因素与产量均呈正相关,其中穴穗数、结实率和穗长与产量的相关达极显著或显著水平;对产量的净贡献率大小依次为穴穗数(39．2％)、结实率(24．58％)、每穗总粒数(17．8％)、千粒重(15．37％)。株高和穗长作用极微弱且为负值。各产量因素问相互制约,相互促进。根据研究结果和育种实践,认为优质晚籼稻高产育种的主攻方向是提高穴穗数、结实率和总粒数;高产(产量在550kg／667m^2以上)结构模式应该是有效穗21—23万穗／667m^2,每穗总粒数160—175粒,结实率85％-90％,千粒重25—28g.     

A soil temperature control system for ecological research in greenhouses

We designed and tested a soil temperature control system for plant ecophysiological experiments in greenhouses and growth chambers. The system consists of a plywood box, polyethylene liner, insulation, seedling containers, a water pump, and a flow-through heater or chiller. One hundred and twelve seedling containers (11cm diameter, 13.5 cm high) are mounted in the plywood box. There is a hole at the bottom center of each container to allow the free drainage of irrigation water and fertilizer solution. The space between containers is filled with water that is circulated through the chiller/heater. The water is also circulated within the plywood box by a water pump to increase the uniformity of temperature. The system was tested for three soil temperatures (5, 20, and 30°C) over a period of four months. The containers were filled with a peat-moss vermiculite mixture and planted with tree seedlings. The test showed that the soil temperature was almost equal to the water temperature for all three soil temperatures (regression slop = 0.99, intercept = 0.12,r ² = 1.00). The average soil temperatures were within (0.41°C of the set values. The soil temperature of the 112 containers within the same box followed a normal distribution with a small standard deviation (0.34°C for the 30°C treatment). There was a temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the container (< 1°C). The direction of the temperature gradient was determined by the direction of temperature difference between the soil and the ambient air. When the soil temperature was lower than air temperature, the soil temperature decreased from the top to the bottom of the container, and vise versa. The soil temperature was higher during the day than at night (difference < 1.5°C). Funding for this research was provided by Lakehead University, CFI, ORDCF, and NSERC research grants to Dang, and an NSERC PGS A to Cheng.     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.