越野汽车机械自动变速器换挡规律的自适应控制

针对越野汽车载荷变化大、路况复杂而又要具有机动灵活的特点,利用自适应控制技术所建立的自适应控制器,对实际行车状况的油门、车速和冲击度进行在线估计。根据得到的实际的车辆负荷度,按照已经建立的最小和最大负荷度下的机械自动变速器换挡控制规律,通过线性插值法,建立适应实际行车状况的换挡规律,实现换挡规律的自适应控制。     

新疆冬小麦穿梭育种技术研究初报

对南疆点育成的22个稳定新品系分别在南、北疆两点同时种植,通过对其主要农艺性分析,确定同点间各参试材料农艺性状与产量间的相互关系两两之间的相关程度及两点间同一农艺性状间的相关程度,确定新疆在冬小麦穿梭育种工作中材料的选择方法,以期为育种工作者的选种工作提供一定的理论依据。     

花椒对蛋雏鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响

选用1日龄海兰褐壳蛋用雏鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为试验组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的花椒,试验期4周,研究花椒对蛋雏鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响。结果表明,整个试验期雏鸡的平均日增体质量试验组比对照组分别提高4.21%、12.09%、12.06%,料重比试验组比对照组分别降低1.77%、8.13%、8.11%,以Ⅲ、Ⅳ组效果最好,与对照组相比较差异显著(P<0.05);成活率试验组比对照组分别提高6.16%、7.0%、5.95%,以Ⅲ组效果最好,差异显著(P<0.05);另外,花椒对雏鸡的免疫器官也有较大的影响,其中胸腺指数试验组较对照组分别提高4.81%、9.83%、8.99%,差异显著(P>0.05);脾脏指数试验组比对照组分别提高11.29%2、0.43%和20.34%,增长差异显著(P<0.05);法氏囊指数试验组比对照组分别提高14.09%、31.28%和31.32%,差异显著(P<0.05);新城疫Hl抗体滴度试验组与对照组比较以Ⅲ组抗体效价最高,Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组差异显著(P<0.05)。从试验中可以得出添加适量的花椒具有促进雏鸡生长,提高雏鸡免疫机能的作用,以0.2%的添加量比较适宜。     

犬源伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定及其主要毒力基因分子特征分析

对发生临床疑似伪狂犬病毒(PRV)感染的牧羊犬组织样品,进行研磨、细胞接种、传代培养、细胞病变效应(CPE)观察、PCR检测、效价测定、电镜观察、IFA检测、家兔接种以及基因测序分析等,结果成功分离到1株犬源PRV毒株,命名为XJ-14株。该毒株可致PK-15细胞产生变圆、破碎、逐渐呈拉网式漂浮等特征性细胞病变;PRV gE-PCR检测阳性,病毒效价达10~(-7.45)/0.1 mL;病毒粒子在电镜下呈圆形,有囊膜,直径约150 nm;PRV荧光抗体检测阳性,接种家兔后可致家兔奇痒、麻痹死亡。对该毒株gC、gE、TK基因进行全基因测序,发现gE糖蛋白的48、497位各插入了1个D,另有12个氨基酸位点发生点突变,其gC蛋白氨基酸序列64~70位出现了7个氨基酸(AASTPAA)插入。结果表明,此牧羊犬病例是由PRV感染所致。     

Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.     

Prevention and Controlling Effect of Intercropping on Pests and Diseases and Its Risk Control in Cotton Fields

Cotton is one of the major field crops which are seriously threatened by pests and diseases. In recent years, the ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping has become to be an interesting approach. Intercropping possibly increases the population of natural enemies and finally reduces the population density of pests as a result of changes in ecological structure and environmental conditions of farmland. Intercropping thus has been considered an important alternative in controlling pests and diseases. However, cotton field intercropping also has some limitations in controlling pests and diseases. Unreasonable intercropping system has many risks such as increasing labor input, increasing the difficulty of pests’ control, and aggravating pests and diseases. In this paper, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cotton intercropping on cotton pests and diseases were reviewed. The possible risks and countermeasures used for ecological control of intercropping were also put forward, and the future and application of ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping were prospected.     

酵母蛋白饲料培养条件的研究

对啤酒酵母进行发酵试验,结果表明:该酵母最优的培养条件是麦芽汁培养基稀释倍数2.5,培养时间20h,蔗糖添加量10Brix,尿素添加量0.02%,且酵母菌耐酸耐铜的性能好。     

波吉卵囊藻对Cu2+、Zn2+耐受力和吸附作用的研究

研究了波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)对Cu2+和Zn2+的耐受力、吸附率和吸附量的作用规律。结果表明:Cu2+和Zn2+对波吉卵囊藻的生长和叶绿素a含量影响显著(P<0.05)。Cu2+和Zn2+含量的升高,对波吉卵囊藻生长的抑制增大,使叶绿素a含量下降;当Cu2+和Zn2+的含量分别小于0.001 mg/L和0.010 mg/L时,对波吉卵囊藻的生长和叶绿素a含量增加有一定的促进作用;Cu2+和Zn2+对波吉卵囊藻生长的96h-EC50分别为0.229 mg/L和17.390 mg/L。Cu2+含量为1.000mg/L和Zn2+含量为50.000 mg/L的组合,对波吉卵囊藻生长的抑制率为103.881%。Cu2+对波吉卵囊藻的毒性大于Zn2+。波吉卵囊藻对Cu2+和Zn2+有较好的吸附效果,当藻细胞含量为2.291×108ind/L时,对Zn2+的吸附率为81.444%;含量为2.891×108ind/L时,对Cu2+的吸附率为52.521%;吸附量分别为9.469 mg/g(5.208×10-9mg/ind)和2.914 mg/g(1.603×10-9mg/ind),对波吉卵囊藻不会产生明显毒性。     

黄瓜疫霉菌拮抗内生细菌的筛选与鉴定

【目的】从黄瓜叶片中筛选抗疫霉菌效果好的内生细菌并进行鉴定,为进一步研究黄瓜疫病的理 论探索及防治应用提供实验材料。【方法】以黄瓜叶片为实验材料筛选内生细菌,根据待检菌株的镜检特征、 革兰氏染色反应、菌落排列方式和菌落形态特征等进行初步筛选。采用平板对峙法和发酵液拮抗法实验对目标 内生细菌进行拮抗作用测定。通过 16S rDNA 序列测定及同源性分析,并构建系统发育树确定目标菌株种属。 【结果】初步筛选出 32 株内生细菌将其编号为 CL1~CL32,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌 10 株、革兰氏阳性杆菌 13 株、革兰氏阳性球菌 9 株,利用平板对峙法发现 8 株对掘氏疫霉菌有较强抑制作用的拮抗菌株,菌丝抑制率为 10.3%~54.3%,抑菌半径为 1~7 mm,对其中抑菌效果较好的 3 株菌株（CL7、CL9、CL15）进行发酵液拮抗实验, 结果显示其抑菌率分别为 54.4%、72.2%、63.3%。【结论】对掘氏疫霉菌具有较强抑制作用的 3 株内生细菌（CL7, CL9、CL15）分别属于泛菌属 Pantoea sp.、假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas sp. 和葡萄球菌属 Staphylococcus sp.,其中 抑制效果最明显的为 CL9,即假单胞菌属 Pseudomonas sp.。