耕作改制对砂姜黑土微量元素的影响研究

研究旱作改水旱轮作对砂姜黑土中微量元素含量、有效性和赋存形态等的影响结果表明,砂姜黑土旱作改水旱轮作后,微量元素的总含量除Mo外,均呈贫化趋势且达显著水平;Cu、Fe、Mn和Mo的有效性明显提高,Zn的有效性降低,严重缺Zn可能限制作物产量提高;残留态、晶形铁态和碳酸盐态微量元素含量随旱作改水旱轮作时间的延续而降低,有机态和无定形铁态微量元素的含量则不断增加,代换态微量元素含量变化与有效态微量元素相似,呈两极分化,Cu和Ni增加,而Zn和Mn降低.     

生态需水研究进展及存在问题

回顾了生态需水问题的提出背景，分析了目前有关生态需水的定义，归纳了生态需水的类型，讨论了不同生态系统（河道生态系统、植被生态系统）生态需水的计算方法，提出了存在的问题，原因和今后研究的方向。     

Oxidation-reduction regimes in some Oxisols of tropical China

The oxidation-reduction regimes of some Oxisols of tropical China were investigated on the basis of the Eh values and the amounts of reducing substances, both measured by newly devised methods. The Eh values in the surface layers of soil profiles under natural forest and commercial forest were 400–550 mV, lower by 100–200 mV than the deeper horizons. The concentrations of reducing substances in the surface layers corresponded to 0.5–5.0 · 10^?5M of Mn²⁺. In the cultivated layer of a submerged paddy soil the concentration of reducing substances was as high as 13·10^?5M, with an Eh value of less than 100 mV. There was a negative correlation between the Eh value and the logarithm of the concentration of reducing substances, showing that the intensity aspect and the capacity aspect of the oxidation-reduction status of a soil are closely interrelated.     

反转旋耕刀滑切角分析与计算

对反转旋耕刀滑切角的分析与计算表明：反转旋耕刀滑切角的意义及方程与正转旋耕刀相同，可以按照统一的方法描述旋耕刀滑切角的特性，并计算其大小。由于工作范围不同，反转旋耕刀滑切角是从大逐渐减小的，其变化规律与正耕刀不同。如果反旋刀入土时不能满足滑切要求，则在整个切土过程中都不满足滑切要求。在切土阶段，反转旋耕刀的动态滑切角大于正转旋耕刀，但由于反转旋耕切草类似于无支承切割以及反旋刀抛土性能差等特点，反转旋耕刀的缠草总是仍然比较突出。     

盐地碱蓬人工栽培与品系选育初报

人工栽培盐地碱蓬及高产品系选育试验研究表明 ,人工栽培盐地碱蓬可提高产量 1～ 2倍 ,且碱蓬产量随土壤盐度的提高而逐渐下降。无灌水条件下采用一定矿化度的盐水过量灌溉 ,可有效提高碱蓬产量。黄河三角洲地区人工栽培碱蓬适宜采收时间为 10月 2 5日左右。选育高产变异碱蓬个体比普通单株产量提高 2～ 3倍。     

槐花中黄酮类物质提取工艺的研究

该文研究了水提法、传统的醇回流法提取槐花总黄酮类化合物的提取工艺,并使用正交试验确定了最佳提取条件。试验结果表明:槐花中总黄酮类物质的最佳提取条件为B2C3A2,即用2倍量40%的乙醇连续回流提取3次(每次2h)     

Stress wavelets: Multi-scale and multi-resolution assessment of soil structure by the drop-shatter method

Stress wavelet properties are inherently involved in the process of the drop-shatter method of assessment on soil structural characteristics. The analogies between wavelet analysis and the drop-shatter process are based on two factors: scale and resolution. By carefully following the requirements of wavelet analysis, a standard procedure of soil fragmentation and sieving is described. Following this procedure, a set of equations can be derived from which surface contacting energy between soil aggregates of a specific scale can be calculated. The resultant values in fact mirror the multi-resolutions of wavelets.

Natural soil clods as well as artificial structured soil cores were used for fragmentation. Though the experiment can do well on natural soil clods, and it is precise enough in predicting structural state of a sub-dimensional clods of 8 mm, its use on artificial soil cores produced a set of data that was quite chaotic. The unique behavior experienced in the process of fragmentation of artificial soil structure indicates that there is no distinct stage between mother soil clods (cores) and its constituent primary particles. Such a state should result from an excessively large impact energy (too low a resolution in the wavelet analysis) for each drop stroke impact.

With an ultimate goal for soil process simulation, the construction of the experiment for artificial structured soil core preparation brings the traditional methods of sample preparation a step forward further by creating an environment much nearer to the field conditions experienced in natural soils. Still, extensive refinements are needed, especially for the mode of water application, cycle and intensity of management.     

Application of quantum dot-antibody conjugates for detection of sulfamethazine residue in chicken muscle tissue

A new indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) method for the detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) in chicken muscle tissue was demonstrated using quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence label coupled with secondary antibody. The sensitivity of the cFLISA was compared with that of the HPLC method. The 50% inhibition value (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the cFLISA were 7.7 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. When SM2 was spiked at levels of 50, 100, and 200 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 117.4%, with a coefficient of variation of 6.9-9.6%. In the incurred sample analysis, the amounts of SM2 quantified by cFLISA were similar to the results obtained by the HPLC method. This study shows that cFLISA could be used as a screening method in practice.     

黄土高原小流域雨水资源化及其生态环境效应

在黄土高原地区,水土流失和干旱缺水是导致经济贫困和生态环境恶化的主要原因。通过人为干预,实现小流域雨水资源化,是减缓水土流失和干旱缺水的有效途径。雨水资源化的主要方式有三种:就地拦蓄入渗、覆盖抑制蒸发和雨水富集叠加利用。详细介绍了黄土高原雨水资源化的主要技术途径,分析论述了雨水资源化带来的诸如调节气候、净化空气、改善流域水质、提高土壤质量、减缓水土流失、防治洪涝灾害等一系列生态环境效应。     

城乡交错带居民点整理潜力研究--以山西省太原市晋源区为例

居民点整理是缓解城乡交错带耕地压力、优化土地资源配置、理顺用地关系的主要途径之一,而居民点整理潜力评价是居民点整理的一项基础性研究工作.该文以山西省太原市晋源区为例,探讨了城乡交错带居民点整理模式、潜力分析、等级划分以及效益分析等,为城乡交错带居民点整理的潜力评价提供方法借鉴.