Development of the common dentex (Dentex dentex) eggs in relation to temperature

Embryonic development of common dentex (Dentex dentex) was investigated at nine different constant water temperatures (8°C, 10°C, 12°C, 14°C, 16°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C and 24°C). The observed effects were compared using of regression analysis. Constant water temperatures between 12°C and 18°C were found to support successful embryonic development. A negative relationship between the rate of embryonic development and incubation temperature was observed. While embryonic development was completed within this range (12°C–18°C), there was no cell division at water temperatures of 8°C and 24°C. Total mortalities were observed at the 128 cleavage stage at a temperature of 10°C, and after the beginning of gastrulation at 20°C and 22°C.     

Reproductive Seasonality in Sheep

Unlike most domestic livestock species, sheep are widely known as animals with marked seasonality of breeding activity. The annual cycle of the daily photoperiod has been identified as the determinant factor of this phenomenon, while environmental temperature, nutritional status and social interactions may modulate it. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge of reproductive seasonality in sheep. Following general consideration of the importance of seasonal breeding as a reproductive strategy for the survival of the species, the paper describes manifestations of seasonality in both the ram and the ewe. Both determinant and modulating factors are discussed, and special emphasis is given to the neuroendocrine base of photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding. Other aspects such as the role of melatonin, the progestogens and ram effects with or without anestrus period are also reviewed.     

Determining the Physico-Chemical Characterstics of the Rosehip Genotypes Grown Naturally in Adiyaman Province

Turkey is an important gene centre of rosehip populations and rosehip is naturally grown in the province of Ad?yaman. This study has been conducted on rosehip fruits found in various altitudes in Ad?yaman to determine the changes of their physico-chemical characteristics. The fruit weights of the genotypes used in the study ranged between 2.72?g–1.29?g, fruit width between 14.12–10.44?g and fruit length has ranged between 23.18?mm–18.62?mm. The rosehip genotypes to be processed to food are required to have a bulky fruit and a high amount of fruit flesh. The genotype with the highest fruit flesh ratio was found to have the lowest seed weight by 0.25?g, while the genotypes with the highest seed weight had this value ranging between 0.50–0.59?g. Rosehip genotypes dry matter ratio has ranged between 44.27 and 37.11%. While the a*, b*, C* and h° values of rosehip fruits had significant differences based on the genotypes, L* values had similarities. Genotypes had ranging WSDM contents of 33.56–22.50%, TA contents of 2.96–1.57%, pH values of 4.06–3.82, C vitamins of 782.34–352.16?mg/100?g, total phenol contents of 5.42–3.62?mg GAE/g DM and antioxidant activities of 113.60–56.80?µmol TE/g DM. The rosehip fruits containing high levels of fructose and glucose were found to be low in saccharose content. Fructose, glucose and saccharose contents of rosehip genotype fruits were found to be 22.93–16.86, 20.22–13.77 and 0–0.90?g/100?g DM, respectively. According to the outcomes of the study, physico-chemical characteristics of the rosehip fruits displayed significant differences, and these differences were affected by type, genotype and ecologic conditions.     

Severe abdominal dog bite wounds in a pregnant cat

Bite wounds are one of the most common reasons for admission of cats to veterinary clinics. Appropriate wound management seems to be more important in the successful outcome of bite wound injuries than antibiotic therapy alone. This report describes a heavily pregnant cat that suffered severe abdominal bite wounds necessitating treatment with extensive surgery. A necrotic herniated kidney, abdominal wall hernias, internal peritoneal ruptures and fracture of the thirteenth rib, gravid cornu rupture, an extrauterine dead foetus and its free kidney were all observed at laparotomy. At surgery the extrauterine dead foetus was removed, and two live foetuses were retrieved by en bloc ovariohysterectomy. A right nephrectomy and partial costectomy were also performed. Two weeks postoperatively, the cat had fully recovered without a problem. Bite wounds encountered in cats, though severe and invasive, can be tolerated and extensive surgical management can result in successful outcomes even under suboptimal conditions.     

Modified Colostomy Technique for Colonic Atresia in Calves

Objective: To report a modified colostomy technique for permanent fecal diversion in calves with colonic atresia. Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Calves (n=19) with colonic atresia. Methods: Clinical findings, white blood cell counts, radiologic, ultrasonographic, and intraoperative findings were recorded. Calves were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=9) had conventional colostomy and group 2 (n=10) had a modified colostomy. Technique efficacy was evaluated by postoperative observation, owner satisfaction, and calf survival. Results: Fifteen (79%) calves were discharged from the hospital; 4 (21%) group 1 calves died within 24 hours after surgery. Two (40%) group 1 calves died 18 and 30 days after surgery and 5 (50%) group 2 calves died 2–60 days after surgery. Eight calves reached slaughter weight (120±10 kg); 5 group 2 calves grew normally but the 3 group 1 calves had lower weight gain. Owners of the calves with conventional colostomy reported that the evacuation of feces was continuous whereas owners of calves with the modified colostomy reported that feces were released through the stoma in intervals. Conclusion: Modification of conventional colostomy by forming an hourglass shaped stoma lessens fecal incontinence but there was no difference in survival rate. Clinical Relevance: Modified colostomy was considered advantageous because of intermittent fecal discharge from the stoma compared with continuous fecal release in conventional colostomy. The modified technique seemingly has a beneficial effect on growth of the calf.     

Effect of twist level on tyre cord performance

The effect of twist level on the mechanical and thermal properties of nylon 66 and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tyre cords has been studied. Effects of the twist on some critical cord properties such as tensile properties, shrinkage, shrink force, adhesion and fatigue have been evaluated. Breaking strength was decreased between 3.1 and 7.3 twist factor values, whereas breaking elongation was increased, on both nylon 66 and polyester cords. The tensile behaviour of high twist factor PET is similar to that of low twist factor nylon cords. This is an advantage for the possibility to get closer the properties of different materials by adjusting theirs twist factors. The shrinkage values increase with increasing twist factor, whereas shrinks force values decrease for greige nylons and polyester cords. Adhesion and fatigue resistance is increased with increasing twist factors.     

Deoxyamphimedine,a Pyridoacridine Alkaloid,Damages DNA via the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

Marine pyridoacridines are a class of aromatic chemicals that share an 11H-pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridine skeleton. Pyridoacridine alkaloids display diverse biological activities including cytotoxicity, fungicidal and bactericidal properties, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and topoisomerase inhibition. These activities are often dependent on slight modifications to the pyridoacridine skeleton. Here we demonstrate that while structurally similar to neoamphimedine and amphimedine, the biological activity of deoxyamphimedine differs greatly. Deoxyamphimedine damages DNA in vitro independent of topoisomerase enzymes through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Its activity was decreased in low oxygen, with the removal of a reducing agent and in the presence of anti-oxidants. Deoxyamphimedine also showed enhanced toxicity in cells sensitive to single or double strand DNA breaks, consistent with the in vitro activity.     

Determination of body measurements on the Holstein cows using digital image analysis and estimation of live weight with regression analysis

In this study, the body measurements (BMs) of Holstein cows were determined using digital image analysis (IA) and these were used to estimate the live weight (LW) of each cow. For this purpose, an image capture arrangement was established in a dairy cattle farm. BMs including wither height (WH), hip height (HH), body length (BL), hip width (HW), plus the LWs of cows were first determined manually, by direct measurement. Then the digital photos of cows were taken from different directions synchronously and analyzed by IA software to calculate WH, HH, BL and HW of each cow. After comparing the BMs obtained by IA with the manual measurements, the accuracy was determined as 97.72% for WH, 98.00% for HH, 97.89% for BL and 95.25% for HW. The LW estimation using BMs was then performed by the aid of the regression equations, and the correlation coefficient between the estimated and real (manual) LW values obtained by weighing was calculated as 0.9787, which indicates the IA method is appropriate for LW estimation of Holstein cows.