干热河谷区灌草草地的水土保持效应

为了恢复干热河谷退化山区草地的生态环境,提高草地的水土保持能力,于2004～2007年在金沙江干热河谷区的云南省永胜县设置样点,在退化严重的草地上建植了7个组合模式的灌草复合型草地,以凋落物量、最大持水量、有效截流量、草地盖度、草地土壤崩解时间为指标,对建植3年的灌草草地的水保效果进行研究。结果表明,＂灌＋草＋藤＂最适宜金沙江干热河谷区的植被重建,其中＂木豆＋非洲狗尾草＋高羊茅＋大翼豆＂建植模式显著地提高草地植被盖度和凋落物重量。凋落物的持水能力与凋落物重量呈显著的正相关;土壤根量与土体崩塌时间呈显著的正相关。灌草草地植被盖度、凋落物量和根系重量的显著提高,有效地提高草地的持水量和有效截流量,推迟草地土壤崩解时间,增加了土体的稳定性,对防止水土流失和泥石流的形成具有重要作用。     

保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX对龙眼保鲜特性的研究

不同腐烂等级的龙眼果皮POD和PPO酶活性有所不同,0～3级,POD酶活性12 000 U/min.g,而4级以后POD酶活性均大于12 000 U/min.g;0～3级,PPO酶活性均小于600 U/min.g,而4级和5级的PPO酶活性均大于600 U/min.g,说明随着龙眼果实腐烂程度的加深,烂果的果皮POD和PPO酶活性达到最高。使用保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX处理后龙眼果皮的POD和PPO酶活性明显小于对照处理,且基本不影响龙眼果实的可溶性固形物含量,保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX处理后龙眼的好果率最高为47.24%,而脱粒率最低,为10.95%,说明保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX对龙眼果实具有较好的保鲜效果。     

The Microstructure,Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Derivatives

Chitosan obtained from abundant marine resources has been proven to have a variety of biological activities. However, due to its poor water solubility, chitosan application is limited, and the degradation products of chitosan oligosaccharides are better than chitosan regarding performance. Chitosan oligosaccharides have two kinds of active groups, amino and hydroxyl groups, which can form a variety of derivatives, and the properties of these derivatives can be further improved. In this review, the key structures of chitosan oligosaccharides and recent studies on chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives, including their synthesis methods, are described. Finally, the antimicrobial and antitumor applications of chitosan oligosaccharides and their derivatives are discussed.     

Diverse Secondary Metabolites from the Coral-Derived Fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 5Bn1003

Three new metabolites, including a cyclic tetrapeptide asperhiratide (1), an ecdysteroid derivative asperhiratine (2), and a sesquiterpene lactone asperhiratone (3), were isolated and identified from the soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 5Bn₁003, together with 10 known compounds. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. In addition, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Marfey’s technique and an analysis of the acid hydrolysates using a chiral phase HPLC column. Among all the compounds, 6 and 8 showed medium cytotoxic activities against four tumor cell lines (SF-268, HepG-2, MCF-7, and A549), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 31.03 ± 3.04 to 50.25 ± 0.54 µM. Meanwhile, they strongly inhibited α-glucosidase activities, with IC₅₀ values of 35.73 ± 3.94 and 22.00 ± 2.45 µM, which were close to and even stronger than the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀ = 32.92 ± 1.03 µM). Compounds 6–8 showed significant antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 10.26 ± 0.76 µM, 17.00 ± 1.25 µM, and 5.30 ± 0.29 µM, respectively. Compounds 9 and 12 exhibited potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH, with IC₅₀ values of 12.23 ± 0.78 µM and 7.38 ± 1.16 µM. In addition, asperhiratide (1) was evaluated for anti-angiogenic activities in the in vivo zebrafish model, which showed a weak inhibitory effect on intersegmental vessel (ISV) formation.     

秸秆粉碎机实际生产效能改进研究

随着我国生物质能开发与利用地不断提高,生物质颗粒燃料需求量逐年提高,生物质颗粒燃料生产逐步向规模化、效益化方向发展,秸秆等生物质的粉碎则至关重要。分析各种锤片式粉碎机在实际生产过程中的效能,并与改进后的粉碎机效能进行对比,以提高现有秸秆粉碎机效能,逐步标准化各主要部件,为生物质颗粒燃料规模化生产提供基础保障。     

A Novel and Reliable Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Lactoperoxidase Activity in Raw Milk

With 3, 3'5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) as the detection substrate, a reliable and highly selective method was established and optimized for the determination of Lactoperoxidase(LP) activity in raw milk. The method was based on the enzymatic reaction principle, where hydrogen peroxide oxidated TMB in the presence of LP. The optimized conditions of this assay system were obtained, consisting of 20 mmol · L~(-1) TMB solution, 0.6 mmol · L~(-1) hydrogen peroxide and 0.1 mol · L~(-1) Citric Acid(CA)/0.2 mol · L~(-1) disodium hydrogen phosphate(Na P) buffer(pH 4.8). TMB detection method was applied to the analysis of LP in milk samples with a practical working concentration range from 2 to 14 mg · L~(-1). The intra-and inter-batch variation coefficients were all below 5%, indicating a good repeatability. Confirmation test between TMB method and 2, 2-azinobi(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) diammonium salt(ABTS) method was carried out, and the results of TMB assay were in accordance with that of ABTS method.     

采用丰产技术种植小麦的影响因素分析

运用Logistic模型对河北省小麦种植及其丰产技术的采用进行分析,发现受教育程度、家庭位置及个人阅历等方面对丰产技术的采用有不同程度的影响。虽然家庭位置对采用丰产技术有一定影响但不容易改变,而提高教育程度与水平、个人阅历的增长有助于采用一项新技术,因此,可以从教育、宣传等途径考虑对丰产技术进行普及。     

论林用门式起重机型式及基本参数

本文对林用门式起重机型式、基本参数和工作级别标准的制订进行了分析和论证。林用门式起重机的型式按吊具类型分为吊钩式和抓具式两种。基本参数包括额定起重量、跨度、悬臂有效伸距、起升高度及工作速度等。     

黑水虻研究与应用的文献计量分析

为了解黑水虻研究应用概况与发展态势,运用中国知网、Web of Science与佰腾专利检索系统对该领域科技文献与专利成果进行了检索分析。结果发现,国内相关文献在2010年后呈现快速增长趋势,2014年后文献数量增长速度进一步加快,东南地区在文献数量上占据明显优势。现有文献中,研究工作主要围绕黑水虻养殖及其对餐厨垃圾、猪粪等环境污染物的生物降解及资源化进行,侧重技术应用的文章及专利占比较高。涉及该领域的研究生培养工作已持续10年时间,但人才培养与技术应用之间尚存在一定距离。该领域的研究经费投入也有待进一步加强。     

秦岭地理新分布植物

报道了８种、分别隶属于８个科的植物为秦岭地理分布新记录,全部标本存于华东师范大学生物系植物标本室内。