Nutritional interventions to prevent and rear low‐birthweight piglets

Selection for hyperprolific sows, as a means of increasing litter size and profit, has resulted in an increased number of low‐birthweight (LBW) piglets. These LBW piglets might suffer from increased morbidity and mortality during the early neonatal period. In addition, they show reduced growth performance, meat and carcass quality, which leads to an important economic loss for the farmer in the post‐natal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions can be undertaken to prevent and rear LBW piglets. In the first part of this review, the preventive strategies at the sow level will be discussed. Approaches in preventing LBW piglets are to optimize the intrauterine environment via supplementing the sow during gestation. In the second part of this review, the interventions at the piglet level will be described. To increase the survival and growth rates of LBW piglets, one must focus on ensuring adequate colostrum and milk intake. Interventions include supplementing piglets, split nursing, split weaning and cross‐fostering. Additional interventions increasing the probability of optimal post‐natal food intake will be discussed.     

简述采用滑移法安装21m钢屋架的方法

在黑龙江省苇河林业局俱乐部内,采用滑移法对跨距21m、安装高度12.4m的钢屋架进行了安装试验。施工实践表明：采用滑移法在施工场地较小或受吊装设备条件限制的情况下进行钢屋架安装,不但可行,而且施工安全、保证了施工质量和进度。     

瓜类尖孢镰刀菌致病物质β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性与致病性的相关性分析

 【研究目的】研究瓜类尖孢镰刀菌β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性与致病性的关系,为菌株致病性强弱快速测定提供一种新的辅助方法;【方法】测定了19株来自不同瓜类寄主尖孢镰刀菌菌株的致病性及致病物质β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性,构建菌株的发病率(y)与酶活(x)的曲线模型;【结果】菌株致病性测定结果表明,同一寄主及不寄主来源的菌株致病性有差异。供试菌株中有12个强致病菌株,发病率在80%以上;2个中等致病菌株,发病率分别为60%和70%;2个弱致病菌株发病率均为30%,以及3个非致病菌株。菌株β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活测定结果表明,同一寄主不同菌株的酶活存在明显差异,来自黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜寄主菌株酶活变化范围依次为（21.57-54.89）、（16.28-41.83）和（14.98-32.43）U•ml-1;不同寄主（黄瓜、甜瓜和西瓜）菌株的β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活也存在差异,平均酶活为黄瓜（34.08 U•ml-1）甜瓜（27.86 U•ml-1）西瓜（20.95 U•ml-1）;【结论】菌株的β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性与其致病性关系分析表明,当酶活性小于30 U•ml-1l时,菌株发病率与酶活呈正相关;当酶活大于30 U•ml-1,菌株的发病率大于90%。     

水稻光温敏核不育系的温敏期研究

以农垦５８Ｓ为基因供体转育的Ｗ６１５４Ｓ，Ｋｓ－９，Ｎ１２Ｓ，Ｎ１５Ｓ，Ｎ１８Ｓ５个籼稻光温敏核不育系，１９９１～１９９３年在广州自然条件下观察了它们的育性变化，对温度诱导其有性转换规律进行了相关，多元回归及通径分析，结果表明：１．不同的不育系，其温敏性越强不育系温敏期越长，同一不育系，日最低温温敏期最长，日均温其次，日最高温最短，２．不同不育系各温度因素对花粉育性的影响不同，有的以日最低温影响最     

吴起县沙棘林抚育管理技术

本文针对陕西吴起县沙棘林的生长和经营情况,提出了幼龄沙棘林和成龄沙棘林抚育管理技术,沙棘林病虫害防治,种植园的管理等,为吴起县沙棘林经营管理和资源建设提供依据。     

海水源热泵对海参育苗废水热能回收的工程应用

该文针对水产生物工厂化育苗水体升温技术需求,开展了利用育苗废水作热源为育苗水体升温的海水源热泵集成技术应用示范,探讨了集成系统对海参育苗水体升温和废水热能的回收效果。结果表明,进入I级换热器的育苗废水和新鲜海水温度分别为10.3~14.9℃和-1.9~4.9℃时,新鲜海水出水温度提升4.6~5.8℃,废水热能最大回收率达到59.2%;海水源热泵的废水热源温度和流量一定时,新鲜海水的温升幅度随其入流流量和温度升高而降低,入流温度分别为7.3和10.3℃的新鲜海水,流量不超过15和20 m~3/h时,出水温度均保持在15℃以上,满足海参育苗水温要求。热泵对废水热能的最大回收率为40.7%,COP(coefficient of performance)在5.03以上;集成升温系统比传统锅炉升温综合节能37.6%以上,减排二氧化碳约2 200 t/a,当年内可收回设备投资费用。     

我国南亚热带几种人工林的生物物质循环特点及其对土壤的影响

通过对杉木、马尾松、红荷木、格木四种人工林的三年定位研究,初步获得了四种林木对主要营养元素的生物吸收和归还特点、对土壤养分状况、水分状况、微生物状况和土壤酶活性的影响等一系列资料。初步阐明了四种林木凋落物的数量及主要营养元素含量,研究了四种林木凋落物的分解特点。从而为进一步研究林木混交提供了科学依据。研究表明,阔叶树种与针叶树种相比,在改善土壤理化性状、提高土壤生产力等方面都表现出明显的优点。     

利用ISSR揭示不同类型月季遗传多样性

本研究应用正交设计法对ISSR反应体系中的各个主要影响因子进行了优化筛选,确立了适合月季ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系。结果表明,25μL的ISSR反应体系中各组分的最适浓度分别为：1×PCR缓冲液、1U Taq DNA聚合酶、800pmol／L 引物、0.16mmol／L dNTPs、Mg^2＋ 1.5mmol／L。筛选了33个ISSR引物,共得到了11个多态性比较高的ISSR引物,占所筛引物的33.33％。利用筛选出的11条ISSR引物对3种月季类型的23份月季材料进行遗传多样性分析,共扩增出477条DNA带,其中多态性位点有14个,平均每条引物可以检测到4.5个多态性位点。用NTSYS软件对样品进行了UPGMA聚类分析,聚类结果表明丰花月季基本能聚为一类,切花月季与藤本月季交叉聚在一起。这表明月季种质的遗传差异与其应用分类的相关性不紧密。     

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats

Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen‐specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid‐associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle‐associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen‐fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.     

Composition of Typical Soil Minerals and Quantitative Analysis for Influence of Iron and Manganese Forms on Purple Soil Color in Northeastern Sichuan,China

Eurasian Soil Science - Eight soil samples from the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation (J2s) in the Sichuan Basin, China, were taken as the research object to explore the correlation and quantitative...