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91.
G. N. Mauldin T. P. Foster C. W. Waddell M. E. Egan 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2003,1(1):36-47
The process of new blood vessel formation within and around neoplastic tissue, termed angiogenesis, is a significant factor in the development, progression and metastasis of malignant tumours in all species. A major cause of death in cancer patients is the development of treatment‐resistant metastatic disease, which may be avoided by therapies that target the genetically stable population of vascular endothelial cells within tumours. Tumstatin is a small protein formed by the cleavage of the alpha‐3 subunit of the non‐collagenous domain of mammalian type IV collagen. Recombinant human Tumstatin has been shown to have potent angiostatic properties in vitro and in vivo. Tumstatin is a potent initiator of apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in cell culture. Recently, a fragment of Tumstatin, termed Tum5, has been shown to have biologic activity similar to the parent compound. The systemic administration of angiostatic proteins like Tum5 may result in the remission of established tumours, while preventing or delaying the onset of clinically detectable metastasis. Recombinant canine Tum5 (cTum5) was cloned and its protein expression induced in a prokaryotic vector. The resulting cTum5 protein caused dose‐dependent inhibition of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, which appears to be mediated through apoptosis. 相似文献
92.
Damian M. Parr Cary J. Trexler Navina R. Khanna Bryce T. Battisti 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(4):523-533
Historically, land grant universities and their colleges of agriculture have been discipline driven in both their curricula
and research agendas. Critics call for interdisciplinary approaches to undergraduate curriculum. Concomitantly, sustainable
agriculture (SA) education is beginning to emerge as a way to address many complex social and environmental problems. University
of California at Davis faculty, staff, and students are developing an undergraduate SA major. To inform this process, a web-based
Delphi survey of academics working in fields related to SA was conducted. Faculty from colleges and universities across the
US were surveyed. Participants suggested that students needed knowledge of natural and social science disciplines relating
to the agri-food system. In addition, stakeholders suggested students learn through experiences that link the classroom to
field work, engaging a broad range of actors within applied settings. Stakeholders also emphasized the need for interdisciplinary
and applied scholarship. Additionally, they proposed a range of teaching and learning approaches, including many practical
experiences. Given the diverse suggestions of content knowledge and means of producing knowledge, the survey presented unique
challenges and called into question the epistemological and pedagogical norms currently found in land grant colleges of agriculture.
This study has implications for land grant universities seeking to develop undergraduate curriculum appropriate to the field
of SA.
Damian
M. Parr
is a doctoral student of Agricultural and Environmental Education, in the School of Education at the University of California
at Davis. His professional interests include organic farming, sustainable agriculture, experiential and transformational learning,
critical pedagogy, and participatory action research. He is currently working on linking on-campus student initiated sustainable
farm and food systems projects to curricula at land grant universities
Cary J. Trexler
is an assistant professor of Agricultural and Environmental Education at the University of California at Davis where he teaches
courses in the history of agricultural education, experiential learning, and research methods for practicing teachers. His
research focuses on experiential learning, sustainable agriculture education, and needs of teachers and informal educators
within the context of the agri-food system
Navina R. Khanna
is a graduate student pursuing an MS in International Agricultural Development at the University of California at Davis. She
is committed to facilitating community dialogue and education about sustainability issues. Her work at the university focuses
on the process and goal of sustainability in agricultural education and campus food system sustainability. Her primary professional
interests include democratic participatory process in agri-food system sustainability and urban revitalization
Bryce T. Battisti
is a doctoral student of Agricultural and Environmental Education, in the School of Education at the University of California
at Davis. His research interests include the development of alternative models for university education that are founded on
student-centered experiential learning. Specifically, he studies models of permaculture education that lead toward accredited
degrees and relates these models to sustainable agriculture degree programs 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jackson RB Jobbágy EG Avissar R Roy SB Barrett DJ Cook CW Farley KA le Maitre DC McCarl BA Murray BC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5756):1944-1947
Carbon sequestration strategies highlight tree plantations without considering their full environmental consequences. We combined field research, synthesis of more than 600 observations, and climate and economic modeling to document substantial losses in stream flow, and increased soil salinization and acidification, with afforestation. Plantations decreased stream flow by 227 millimeters per year globally (52%), with 13% of streams drying completely for at least 1 year. Regional modeling of U.S. plantation scenarios suggests that climate feedbacks are unlikely to offset such water losses and could exacerbate them. Plantations can help control groundwater recharge and upwelling but reduce stream flow and salinize and acidify some soils. 相似文献
96.
Although many animals are able to discriminate stimuli differing in numerosity, only primates are thought to share our ability to employ abstract numerical rules. Here, we show that this ability is present in pigeons and that their performance is indistinguishable from that displayed by monkeys. 相似文献
97.
Transformation by oncogenes encoding protein kinases induces the metastatic phenotype 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
S E Egan J A Wright L Jarolim K Yanagihara R H Bassin A H Greenberg 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4824):202-205
Oncogenes encoding serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases were introduced into the established rodent fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 and tested for tumorigenic and metastatic behavior in T cell-deficient nude mice. Transforming oncogenes of the ras family were capable of converting fibroblast cell lines to fully metastatic tumors. Cell lines transformed by the kinase oncogenes mos, raf, src, fes, and fms formed experimental metastases and (in some cases) these genes were more efficient at metastatic conversion than a mutant ras gene. In contrast, cells transformed by either of two nuclear oncogenes, myc or p53, were tumorigenic when injected subcutaneously but were virtually nonmetastatic after intravenous injection. These data demonstrate that, in addition to ras, a structurally divergent group of kinase oncogenes can induce the metastatic phenotype. 相似文献
98.
Both mu and delta opiate receptors exist on the same neuron 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Low concentrations of the relatively selective opiate receptor agonists dihydromorphine and normorphine (mu receptor agonists) and D-Ala 2-D-Leu 5-enkephalin (a delta receptor agonist) were applied to single enteric neurons while the frequency of action potential firing was recorded. Most neurons that were inhibited by the mu agonists were also inhibited by the delta agonist, but the two receptors could be distinguished by the higher concentration of naloxone required to antagonize the delta agonist. The results indicate that enteric neurons bear both mu and delta receptors and that cell firing is inhibited if either receptor type is activated. 相似文献
99.
AbstractIn Iran, the recent spike in herbal medicines has led to a corresponding price increase. Therefore, these montane species are now widely field cultivated. Medicinal plant consumers strongly prefer organically grown plants, and farmers are responding to this market. However, the effects of organic amendments on medicinal plant nutrient content and yield have been poorly studied. Therefore, this study measured the effects of different organic treatments on the growth of fenugreek and goat pea. Plants were grown to compare the effects of composted municipal waste (CMW), vermicompost (VC), and urea nitrogen (N) to untreated field soil (C0). Germination percentage was significantly higher in urea N (76.5%), CMW (75.5%), and VC (51.6%) compared to C0 (36.3%). Fenugreek performed better in organic amendment treatments than goat pea. Urea N also increased fenugreek plant dry matter significantly compared to C0, but this increment was not as high as CMW or VC. Plants grown in VC had higher whole plant N content (3.2%) than those grown in CMW (2.8%) and plants grown in urea N (2.6%). Plants treated with CMW (8613?mg kg?1) and VC (8503?mg kg?1) had a significantly higher P content than those treated with N (7430?mg kg?1) or C0 control grown (7236?mg kg?1). Application of VC significantly increased plant K content (2483?mg kg?1) compared to CMW (1850?mg kg?1), N (1750?mg kg?1), and C0 control (1716?mg kg?1). Even without fertilization, both plant species contained a considerable amount of micronutrient elements. 相似文献
100.
Seed germination and early growth of the halophyte Atriplex prostrata Boucher were measured to compare sodium chloride (NaCl) to other salts to determine if the inhibitory effects of salinity were osmotic or due to a specific ion inhibition. Seeds of A. prostrata were germinated in solutions containing NaCl, potassium chloride (KC1), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) at concentrations with osmotic potentials equal to 0, ‐0.75, ‐1.0, and ‐1.5 MPa. Percent germination and shoot length was usually inhibited only at the lowest osmotic potential (‐1.5 MPa). However, at ‐1.5 MPa the rate of germination was more inhibited by sodium salts than by potassium salts. Ungerminated seeds pretreated with salts had recovery germination percentages in distilled water that were equal to that of the freshwater controls indicating that the previous effect of these salts was due to osmotic inhibition rather than a specific ion toxicity. 相似文献