丽江牡丹不同品种的生物学特性及耐水淹胁迫能力

对丽江紫、丽江粉和香玉板3个丽江牡丹品种的物候、枝条生长量及成花率进行了观测分析,结果表明:3个品种在物候特征方面差异较大,香玉板的生长发育节律和中原牡丹相似性较高,丽江紫的物候晚于中原牡丹品种,丽江粉则早于中原牡丹品种;香玉板枝条生长量达42.9cm,丽江紫和丽江粉分别达32.3、30.1cm,在丽江地区,丽江紫、丽江粉和香玉板的枝条实存率约为42%~53%,33%~46%和38%~52%。从生殖发育的特点看,香玉板与中原牡丹同属枝叶同放型,成花率和开花率高,而丽江紫和丽江粉花蕾有败育现象,花蕾发育晚于叶。在品种抗水淹能力评价方面,运用NR活性、RPP的变化和叶绿素总量下降率指标进行分析,结果表明:丽江紫抗水淹力最强,丽江粉次之,香玉板抗水淹能力较差。     

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Isaridin E Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus via Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Isaridin E, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus Amphichorda felina (syn. Beauveria felina) SYSU-MS7908, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Here, we first found that isaridin E concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and secretion in vitro, but did not affect collagen- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, isaridin E dose-dependently reduced thrombosis formation in an FeCl₃-induced mouse carotid model without increasing the bleeding time. Mechanistically, isaridin E significantly decreased the ADP-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that isaridin E exerts potent antithrombotic effects in vivo without increasing the risk of bleeding, which may be due to its important role in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregation via the PI3K/Akt pathways.     

绿色低碳视域下长江经济带耕地生态外溢价值评估及时空变化分析

为推进长江经济带耕地保护和绿色低碳发展,利用当量因子法、环境成本法等测算耕地生态服务价值和负外部性价值,结合耕地生态足迹和生态承载力,将长江经济带11省（直辖市）划分为盈余区、平衡区与赤字区,对耕地生态外溢价值进行评估,并分析时空变化特征。结果显示：（1）2011-2021年长江经济带耕地生态价值总量呈上升趋势,由3 670.37亿元上涨至4 661.55亿元,耕地生态外溢价值缓慢上升,由1 353.82亿元上涨至1 970.77亿元。（2）长江经济带耕地资源整体处于盈余状态,耕地生态价值总体呈现出“东低西高”的态势,四川省耕地生态价值和盈余量最高,上海市耕地生态价值最低。（3）2011-2021年间,浙江省和上海市处于耕地生态赤字区,四川省处于耕地生态高盈余区,重庆市和贵州省处于耕地生态平衡状态,江西省、安徽省和江苏省耕地生态盈亏无显著变化,云南省和湖北省耕地生态盈余水平有所上升,湖南省耕地生态盈余水平有所下降。基于此,长江经济带各省（直辖市）应充分利用自身资源和优势,制定和实施适应性的耕地保护策略,推动耕地资源的可持续利用,为实现长江经济带的生态优先、绿色低碳发展目标做出贡献。     

Characterization of Bioactivities and Biosynthesis of Angucycline/Angucyclinone Derivatives Derived from Gephyromycinifex aptenodytis gen. nov., sp. nov.

Strain NJES-13^T is the type strain and currently the only species of the newly established actinobacteria genera Aptenodytes in the family Dermatophilaceae isolated from the gut microbiota of the Antarctic emperor penguin. This strain demonstrated excellent bioflocculation activity with bacteria-derived exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Moreover, it produced bioactive angucycline/angucyclinone derivatives (ADs) and contained one type III polyketide synthase (T3PKS), thus demonstrating great potential to produce novel bioactive compounds. However, the low productivity of the potential new AD metabolite was the main obstacle for its chemical structure elucidation. In this study, to increase the concentration of targeted metabolites, the influence of cellular morphology on AD metabolism in strain NJES-13^T was determined using glass bead-enhanced fermentation. Based on the cellular ultra-structural observation driven by bacterial EPSs, and quantitative analysis of the targeted metabolites, the successful increasing of the productivity of three AD metabolites was achieved. Afterward, a new frigocyclinone analogue was isolated and then identified as 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone, as well as two other known ADs named 2-hydroxy-tetrangomycin (2-HT) and gephyromycin (GPM). Three AD metabolites were found to demonstrate different bioactivities. Both C-2 hydroxyl substitutes, 2-hydroxy-tetrangomycin and 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone, exhibited variable inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Moreover, the newly identified 2-hydroxy-frigocyclinone also showed significant cytotoxicity against three tested human-derived cancerous cell lines (HL-60, Bel-7402 and A549), with all obtained IC₅₀ values less than 10 µM. Based on the genetic analysis after genomic mining, the plausible biogenetic pathway of the three bioactive ADs in strain NJES-13^T was also proposed.     

高校国有资产保值增值存在的问题及对策

概述高校国有资产的表现形式,分析高校国有资产管理的现状及存在问题,提出高校国有资产保值增值的对策。     

Comparative Study of the Nutritional Properties of 67 Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown in China Using the Nutrient-Rich Foods (NRF11.3) Index

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The overall nutritional properties of tubers from 67 potato cultivars were systematically evaluated in this study by adopting the Nutrient-Rich Foods (NRF11.3)...     

云南省水稻稻瘟病菌无毒基因AVR-Pia变异及水稻抗性基因Pia的有效性

为进一步了解田间稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae群体中AVR-Pia基因的分布及变异,利用水稻单基因系IRBLa-C水稻品种对自云南省13个市(州)采集分离得到的471株稻瘟病菌菌株进行抗性基因Pia有效性测定;利用无毒基因AVR-Pia特异性标记对471株稻瘟病菌菌株进行PCR检测和测序,并分析稻瘟病菌群体中无毒基因AVR-Pia的分布及DNA结构变异;利用有效性结果和PCR检测结果对471株菌株进行反应型划分,筛选鉴定菌株;利用鉴定菌株对云南省112份地方稻种进行Pia基因鉴定。结果表明,在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,对含有Pia基因的水稻单基因系IRBLa-C表现为抗病和感病的菌株数分别为139株和332株,所占比例分别为29.5%和70.5%;在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,分别有244株和227株菌株含有无毒基因AVR-Pia和不含有无毒基因AVR-Pia,所占比例分别为51.8%和48.2%,无毒基因AVR-Pia主要为完全缺失变异;在471株稻瘟病菌菌株中,A-和V+反应型菌株数分别为56株和161株,共217株,占总菌株数的46.1%,在13个市(州)稻瘟病菌群体中,A-和V+反应型菌株所占比例差异较大,其中在普洱市、红河哈尼族彝族自治州、昭通市、玉溪市4个市(州)的比例较大,分别为77.8%、57.1%、52.1%和50.0%;在112份云南省地方稻种质资源中,有20份地方稻品种含有抗性基因Pia,主要分布在9个市(州)中。表明云南省13个市(州)绝大部分水稻产区水稻Pia基因已丧抗性,含Pia基因的水稻种质在云南省分布较广。     

硅对水稻生长的影响及其缓解镉毒害机理研究进展

为研发高效硅肥和防治农田镉污染提供借鉴资料,本文综述了施加硅肥对水稻生长发育的影响,包括提高水稻产量和品质,增强抗倒伏、抗病虫害及干旱等逆境的能力,尤其是增强抗镉毒害等能力。并从生理学机制和土壤学机制两方面重点分析了施加硅肥对缓解镉毒害作用的可能机理。生理学机制方面：硅通过参与水稻的生理代谢活动,使水稻抗氧化系统酶的活性和清除自由基的能力增强;抑制镉的吸收及其在水稻体内的运输;硅与镉在水稻体内的螯合和区隔作用。土壤学机制方面：硅肥改变土壤理化性质,降低土壤中有效态镉的含量;硅镉吸附沉淀作用,减少水稻对镉吸收。最后针对硅肥的开发利用及技术推广提出展望。