转基因棉花早代材料细胞学变异研究

农杆菌介导转基因棉花早代 ( T0 )材料 ,花粉母细胞的染色体构型变异很大 ,只有部分二价体 ( 7～ 1 6个 ) ,多数是单价体 ,没有更高的价体。二价体位于赤道面 ,但多形成染色体桥。单价体多散布在两极。减数分裂后形成 1～ 8个分体的多分体 ,其中四分体虽然比例很高 ,多为畸形。染色体数目的减少、PMC染色体构型变异等 ,是这类材料高度败育的直接原因     

Production of Primary Triticale from Calluses of Immature Abnormal Hybrid Embryos between Triticum durum and Secale cereale

Plant regeneration was attempted in callus induced from the immature abnormal hybrid embryos between T. durum and S. cereale, using 4-Huorophenoxyacetic acid as a growth regulator. In particular, the relationship of numerical variation in chromosomes between the callus tissues and the regenerated plants was investigated. Cytological observation revealed that there was no distinctive numerical difference between the shoot-forming (SF) and the non-shoot-forming calluses and also between the SF calluses and the regenerated plants. The root-tips of regenerated plants consisted of cells having various chromosome numbers, including the expected 2 n = 3 ×= 21 (genomes, ABR) of which the frequency was 69.8 %. The regenerated plants showed partial fertility, notwithstanding that the hybrid plants were expected to be sterile. Since the frequency of abnormal embryos was about 90 % in this cross, the utilization of abnormal embryos was demonstrated by use of callus culture.     

The Meaning of UV254 as an Organic Matter Monitoring Parameter in Water Supply & Wastewater Treatment

Through the discussion from a view different from the traditional, the correlations between UV 254 and organic matter monitoring parameters in the field of water supply and wastewater treatment was discussed, such as TOC, DOC and THMs precursors. According to the explanation of applicability in this paper, UV 254 can be used as a surrogate parameter. The measurement of UV 254 as a surrogate parameter has several advantages, such as inexpensive instrument, convenient operation, low operating costs, good correlations to the parameters surrogated, high accuracy and excellent data reappearance in multiple measurements. The application of UV 254 as an indirect parameter is quite valuable, especially under the current financial level of the operation and monitoring of the water and wastewater treatment plants and the laboratory research in China.     

沿前刺孔行驶的水田叶轮动力学的试验研究

四轮驱动拖拉机的驱动轮沿前轮辙行驶,在旱地、水田获得良好的牵引性能,因而得列广泛应用,有取代履带拖拉机的趋势。在水田,四轮驱动船式拖拉帆具有优良的越野、牵引性能,其后驱动叶轮除滑前驱动轮轮辙行驶外,还要求后驱动轮轮时沿前驱动轮刺孔行驶,这是更进一步的要求。该文是对沿前刺孔行驶的四轮驱动船式拖拉机动力学的专项试验研究,设计了三轮叶模拟试验装置,对前后轮叶刺孔的最佳偏移距或偏移率、前岳驱动叶轮轮叶的推力、承力和效率,以及影响效率的因素如滑转率、倾角、陷深、轮叶数等进行了深入的试验和探讨。     

黄土高原雨养区坡面土壤蓄水量时间稳定性

分析区域土壤蓄水量（SWS）时间稳定性为准确预测土壤墒情提供了理论保障,同时为植被恢复和重建工作提供帮助。利用中子仪获得黄土高原雨养区六道沟流域坡面2005年10月至2006年9月间剖面SWS,通过时间稳定性分析,研究该区域SWS的时间稳定性特征。结果表明：不同月份SWS均表现为中等变异,干旱条件下的变异系数比湿润条件下小。0～4 m的SWS累积概率比其他土层的变化小,平均相对偏差的变化范围（-39%～53%）及标准差（5.6%）较小,spearman秩相关系数均达到0.8以上且呈现出极显著相关,通过时间稳定性分析可以初步确定研究区平均SWS的代表性测点。SWS变化较大时,spearman秩相关系数较小,而SWS变化较小时,spearman秩相关系数较大。spearman秩相关系数为分析该区域SWS的时间稳定性提供了便捷途径。     

不同灌水模式对南方辣椒叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了实现辣椒节水、优质、高效生产,在避雨栽培条件下,利用OS5-FL调制荧光仪研究了不同灌水模式对辣椒叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,在4个生育阶段,辣椒的可变荧光、最大荧光、可变荧光与最大荧光比、可变荧光与初始荧光比、光化学淬灭系数与非光化学淬灭系数均随着灌水量的减少而降低,而初始荧光则随着灌水量的减少而升高。说明辣椒叶片PSⅡ反应中心因水分胁迫而受到了破坏,使PSⅡ原初光能转换效率和PSⅡ潜在活性降低,使光合电子传递、光合原初反应过程及热耗散能力受到抑制。DI50、2PRD和1PRD 3种处理下的辣椒各叶绿素荧光参数虽然在4次观测中均未表现出显著差异,但1PRD处理与对照相比变化最小。该研究可为南方避雨栽培下辣椒灌水模式的选择和节水、优质、高产辣椒栽培提供参考。     

基于PCA和聚类分析的茶树F1代茶多酚遗传分析

高效液相色谱检测茶树(Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze) 14个红富贵×红交27的F1代单株、7个红交27×F95181 F1代单株及其亲本中各儿茶素组分含量,利用主成分分析和聚类分析研究了茶多酚在品种间杂交F1代的遗传规律.结果显示,红富贵×红交27 F1代14个单株茶多酚的表型以3:1...     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒病活疫苗诱导的免疫应答分析

本研究旨在评价番鸭呼肠孤病毒病活疫苗对番鸭免疫功能的影响,探讨番鸭呼肠孤病毒病活疫苗的免疫机理;1日龄番鸭免疫番鸭呼肠孤病毒病活疫苗,分别于免疫后7～35 d观察番鸭生长发育,检测免疫番鸭血清中和抗体效价,外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞和法氏囊细胞对ConA、LPS的反应,细胞毒T细胞(CTL)的细胞毒性作用.结果显示:免疫番鸭生长发育正常,免疫器官中胸腺明显增大;免疫后35 d血清中和抗体才开始上升;外周血和胸腺淋巴细胞对ConA的增殖反应显著提高(P＜0.05);而外周血和法氏囊淋巴细胞对LPS增殖反应无显著变化(P＜0.05);外周血细胞毒性T细胞杀伤功能增强(P＜0.05).结果提示番鸭呼肠孤病毒病活疫苗免疫后主要刺激提高番鸭细胞免疫功能,提高机体抵抗番鸭呼肠孤病毒的能力.     

Design, synthesis, crystal structure analysis, and insecticidal evaluation of phenylazoneonicotinoids

On the basis of research of the proposed modes of action between neonicotinoids and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a series of phenylazoneonicotinoids were designed and synthesized to further promote the π-π interaction between molecule and amino acid residues. The target compounds have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HRMS, and X-ray) data. The preliminary results revealed that tiny differences in substitutes resulted in different configurations and great bioactivity variations. Some compounds with electron-donating groups on positions 2 and 6 of the phenyl ring presented higher insecticidal activity than imidacloprid against cowpea aphids ( Aphis craccivora ). The impressive crystal structure of the excellent insecticidal activity compound 9q clearly proved that the functional electronegative pharmacophore was approximately vertical to the methyleneimidazolidine plane. The differences in the mode of interaction on nAChR of typical compounds 9h and 9q remain unclear.     

阿拉善流动沙漠区沙层CO2浓度与昼夜变化规律研究

利用红外CO2监测仪,对全球最高大的巴丹吉林诺尔图湖东大沙山、沙坡头流动沙丘和民勤流动沙丘进行了19个钻孔的CO2浓度昼夜观测。结果表明,阿拉善流动沙漠区空气中CO2浓度较1 m、2 m、3 m、4 m、5 m沙层中CO2浓度均低,表明在植物极稀少的流动沙漠区温暖季节会向空气中释放CO2,是大气CO2的来源区。沙层不仅白天向空气释放CO2,夜间也在释放CO2。在极端干旱的阿拉善流动沙漠区沙层2 m深处CO2浓度一般较1 m、3 m、4 m、5 m的大,但也有个别例外。流动沙漠区沙层CO2浓度的昼夜变化也具有明显的规律性,各个深度沙层CO2浓度从早8时至次日7时均呈现由低到高再到低的变化规律。沙层CO2浓度与昼夜温度变化呈显著正相关关系。在极端干旱的阿拉善流动沙漠区水分含量较高的沙层CO2浓度明显高,表明沙层含水量高低是决定沙层CO2浓度水平的主要因素。