Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

奶牛粪样中致病性大肠埃希菌的分离与鉴定

大肠埃希菌血清型众多,一些具有特殊血清型的大肠埃希菌对人和动物有致病性。本试验从包头市侯家营奶牛场77头外表健康成年泌乳荷斯坦奶牛采集新鲜粪样,进行细菌分离培养,共分离到疑似大肠埃希菌69株,经过形态观察、生化鉴定、动物致病性试验和血清型鉴定,其中12株为致病性大肠埃希菌,均为强毒株,占分离菌数的17.4%,另57株为非致病性大肠埃希菌,占分离菌数的82.6%。同时对12株致病性大肠埃希菌进行了"O"血清型鉴定,分属7种血清型O78、O6、O9、O98、O1、O8、O149,分别占定型菌株的25.0%(3/12)、8.3%(1/12)、16.7%(2/12)、8.3%(1/12)、8.3%(1/12)、8.3%(1/12)、25.0%(3/12)。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

Effect of ensiling whole crop oat with lucerne in different ratios on fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility on the Tibetan plateau

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling different ratios of whole crop oat to lucerne on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of silage on the Tibetan plateau. Four experimental treatments were produced varying in the ratio of forages on a fresh matter (FM) basis: 1) 100% oat (control, dry matter (DM) content: 317 g/kg), 2) 90% oat + 10% lucerne (OL10, DM content: 316 g/kg), 3) 80% oat+ 20% lucerne (OL20, DM content: 317 g/kg) and 4) 70% oat+ 30% lucerne (OL30, DM content: 318 g/kg). All treatments were packed into laboratory‐scale silos and ensiled for 60 days and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 15 days. Further, the four experimental treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study the nutrient digestibility. All silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N contents, and high lactic acid contents and V‐scores (evaluation of silage quality). Increasing the lucerne proportion increased (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content of silage, whereas neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre contents were not affected. Under aerobic conditions, the control silage showed higher (p < 0.05) yeast counts (>10⁵ cfu/g FM) followed by OL10 silage, and OL10 silage improved aerobic stability for 74 h. OL20 and OL30 silages showed fewer (p < 0.05) yeasts (<10⁵ cfu/g FM) and markedly (p < 0.05) improved the aerobic stability (>360 h). After 48‐h incubation, OL30 silage increased (p < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (IVNDFD) compared with the control silage. These results suggest that replacing oat with lucerne had no unfavourable effects on fermentation quality of silage, but improved CP content, aerobic stability IVDMD and IVNDFD. OL30 silage was the best among the three mixed silages.     

微流控芯片技术在微生物检测中的应用

微流控芯片是一项以芯片为基础,结合化学、物理学、生物学等多学科形成的技术平台,能够在一个芯片上实现样品制备、反应、分离、检测等流程,具有高通量、高效率和易操作的特点。随着材料科学和纳米技术的发展,该项技术得到迅速发展并应用于化学分析、微生物检测等,尤其是在微生物检测和分析方面发挥着重要作用,并逐步产生了商品化的微流控芯片。微流控芯片因具有小型化、节约试剂、速度快、集成化程度高等优点,适用于处理突发公共卫生事件,但目前在动物疫病检测中的应用还很少见。本文对微流控芯片的技术原理、结构及其在微生物检测中的应用进行综述,以期为动物疫病的高通量检测提供借鉴。     

地中膜冬小麦田的水分平衡和节水效益

地中膜技术是在地下不适当深度铺上同强度、耐久性强的聚氯乙烯薄膜,再将土回填。审较为经济的、易于在沙漠地区大面积推广的新型农业技术。试验表明,在传统栽培措施下,利用地事膜种植的冬小麦与对照区冬小麦的相比;产量提高７３．３％,每年增加收益国２６５５．０２＄／ｈｍ＾２,水分利用效率提高８１．３％。     

N2O production in the organic and mineral horizons of soil had different responses to increasing temperature

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The responses of N2O emission to increasing temperature in different soil horizons are not clearly understood yet. Here, we investigated the effects of increasing...     

Effects of the juice of Fructus Hippophae (JFH) on thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of the juice of fructus hippophae(JFH) on thrombocytopenia in rats.METHODS:Forty-eight wistar rats were divided into control group, model group, Yixuesheng-Jiaonang (YSJN) group and JFH group. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (CTX, 30 mg/kg) or saline once a day for 3 days. And then, Saline, YSJN or JFH was administered (ig) once a day for 11 days. On the second, fouth, sixth and eighth day, the thrombocyte were counted, the mean platelet volume (MPV) and PDW were examined. On the eighth day, the cAMP, cGMP in platelets and platelet aggregation function were also examined.RESULTS:JFH could shorten the time of blood coagulation, increase the count of platelet, and enhance the platelet aggregation function. The experiment also showed that the JFH could decrease cGMP content in platelet.CONCLUSION:JFH could enhance blood coagulation and quality of platelet and prevent thrombocytopenia induced by cyclophosphamide in rats.     

鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在温室樱桃番茄上的应用效果研究

为了探讨鸡粪沼液复合微生物有机肥在樱桃番茄上的田间应用效果,在滴灌施肥的条件下,设置化肥和液体复合微生物有机肥两个处理进行对比应用,结果表明施用液体复合微生物有机肥的处理其单果重可提高39.69％,含糖量可提高11.94％,茎粗可提高8.76％,Vc含量可提高5.72％,产量可提高30.95％,节约成本1.32％,可有...